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okay here is our interview with

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astronaut ron garan

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how many times

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have you been to space

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i've been to space twice i flew the

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first time in 2008 aboard space shuttle

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discovery it was a construction mission

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we brought up and installed the japanese

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laboratory to the space station i had

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the opportunity to do three space walks

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on that mission and then i flew again in

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2011 and i flew off on a russian soyuz

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spacecraft uh as a fully integrated

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member of a russian spacecraft crew

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to the international space station and

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end up spending six months uh or almost

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six months on that mission wow yeah that

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second mission sounds very similar to

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anusha's uh one because yeah did a leaf

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of kazakhstan that's right yes yeah yeah

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um a little bit different than the u.s

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space shuttle right how would you

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describe

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the difference between that russian

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rocket which was kind of the old-school

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way to go to space right compared to the

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u.s space shuttle

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i think the big difference was um

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the the soyuz flight with the russians

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was was fun as it was happening

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and and the space shuttle mission when i

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look back on it it's it's fun but at the

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time as it was happening i wouldn't

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classify it as necessarily fun uh and i

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there's a number of reasons for that one

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is

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the space shuttle was my first flight

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you know i didn't know exactly what to

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expect i had a lot of responsibilities

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you know a lot of things i could

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i could do

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wrong um

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and

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on the second flight uh with the

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russians

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you know i knew i knew what to expect i

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had been in space before uh i didn't

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have a lot of responsibilities um and

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you know really all i had

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the big thing i could do on the on the

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way up that i didn't have the luxury to

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do on the way up with the shuttle was

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was look out the window and so that was

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uh that was a lot of fun the other thing

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is the shuttle is this big massive

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powerful vehicle um that you're you know

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inside with six other people uh the the

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soyuz is such a small spacecraft uh it's

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like three guys in the trunk of a car

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you know our knees are in their chest

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and uh it almost felt like you're

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wearing the rocket on your back it's you

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know every pump that turns on every fan

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that turns on every explosive bolt that

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fires you feel that and uh it was a you

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know it was a much more intimate

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experience i think from that point of

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view because you felt everything that

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was happening

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yeah the only personal experience i can

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relate to that is the first time i i

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flew in a helicopter in kauai hawaii and

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just

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a little nervous and everything's new to

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you and then the second time i did it

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you can kind of really relax and just

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take everything in right

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is that how do you pronounce the russian

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rockets

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soyuz soyuz is are they still going into

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space they are yes with that same that's

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it it's it's basically the same design

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they've been flying for over 50 years

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now and

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uh they tend to make incremental uh

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advent you know modifications

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incremental improvements uh they tend

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not to if they find something that works

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they tend to stay with it and uh just

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add on to it as opposed to you know

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tearing up the blueprints and starting

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over what was the main advantage of the

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space shuttle because the us obviously

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migrated from our similar type rockets

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that originally took us to the moon in

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to the space shuttle yeah the space

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shuttle was and probably will be for a

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long time

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one of the most

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the most versatile spacecraft ever ever

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built ever flown you know that it had so

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many different roles that it could

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accomplish first of all it had a huge

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payload bay that could bring up the

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major you know the big pieces of the

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space station it could deploy satellites

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it could retrieve satellites it could uh

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you know one of the big things it was

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its down mass you know how much it could

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bring back to earth uh and land on a

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runway without smashing it into to the

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ground or smashing it into the water

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as capsules do and so the ability to

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bring

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a lot of payload

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scientific experiments um uh

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parts of the space station that are

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inoperative and we want to find out what

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why they broke what the failure modes

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were

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the ability to bring those back and fly

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them back onto a runway like like an

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airplane uh was a really great

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uh versatile uh part of the space

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program so they called the international

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space station but was it really the u.s

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that built it no not at all it was 15

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nations that built the space station uh

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the us built a big part of it uh but all

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of these nations contributed uh and all

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of them are complementary the the the

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different parts of the space station uh

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the different parts of the space station

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that were built by the different nations

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in some cases had completely different

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engineering philosophies

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technical capabilities but when you look

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at the whole thing as a whole

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it really makes it much more resilient

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and much more capable because of those

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differences that we brought into the

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space station

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but all the materials that make up the

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space station came from u.s space

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shuttle flights not at all no no there

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were right there were russians flights

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there were flights by the the european

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space agency the japanese space agency

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so it was a it was a a

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a collaborative effort from all those

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different nations i guess i thought that

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we were the only ones with a space

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shuttle who else has the only ones with

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a space shuttle but we're not the only

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ones that could launch things into space

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um so the other nations

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uh there are aryan rockets that the

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french laws htvs that the japanese

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launched

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obviously soyuz that the russians

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launched so it wasn't just the us gotcha

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so those rockets were able to bring

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things up that ultimately connected with

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the space station

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and deliver whatever materials

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exactly and what's the current state of

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the international space station well

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it's fully operational it's been in uh

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continuous operation with a continuous

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human presence for 21 years now

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um it's scheduled to

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uh that the contracts uh of those 15

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nations i think go out to 2024

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if it hasn't been extended

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but i think it's a little bit up in the

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air what's going to happen after 2024. i

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can't imagine

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that uh people are just going to give up

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on it it's such a capable it's probably

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the most complex complicated structure

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ever built it was built in space uh it's

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providing tremendous benefits to the to

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the world through the scientific

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research that's being conducted on board

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uh what i am what i suspect will happen

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is in some cases in some of those

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nations uh some of their um

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their ability to use the space station

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to to operate the space station will be

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transferred over to commercial

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activities potentially but i don't know

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that for a fact

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and am i correct that there now exists a

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chinese space station

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uh

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go to the moon and to establish an

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outpost on the moon as well

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and their space station is fully

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operable as far as you know and they're

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making visits to it and keeping

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astronauts up there yeah i i at the at

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the moment i know i know that that was

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the case i'm not sure exactly what the

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status is right now i think that i think

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that they might be in between uh

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missions at the moment but i'm not sure

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and and that's the only other space

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station that can house humans at the

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moment there's a lot of commercial

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activities that are planning to build

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their own space stations in orbit um

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from from a strictly uh commercial point

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of view who's got the lead on that

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um well there's there's a number of

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companies is uh sierra space uh bigelow

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um

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you know there's different companies

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like that that uh i know spacex has has

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their sights set on not just you know

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orbiting

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capabilities but also lunar and onto

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mars and so there's um

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you know what used to be the um sole

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activity of governmental space agencies

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has really blossomed into into an

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industry

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doing things that were only done by

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governments in the past and what would

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be the commercial use or uses of a space

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station these days well the really

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exciting one would be research there's a

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lot of research that can be conducted in

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orbit around the earth that simply can't

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be done anywhere else on earth as the

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the results of the experiments that are

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conducted are are unique to that

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environment

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but there's also space tourism there's

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also um

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one of the things that i think we need

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to do and i know we're getting a little

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bit ahead of ourselves but um

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one of the things i think is really

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critical for us uh as as americans as a

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nation and as a as a

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community of of folks around the world

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is to establish a transportation

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infrastructure between the earth and our

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closest neighbor the moon

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and that would enable

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routine flights between the earth and

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the moon it would enable a permanent

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human presence on the moon and i think

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there's a lot of commercial aspects of

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that as well um you know you could

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imagine a jump a commercial jump off

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point in low earth orbit that continues

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on to the moon or even beyond

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sorry so you're saying that a space

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station can be essentially kind of a

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midway point on a trip to the moon

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it could be yes uh either a space

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station that's in orbit around the earth

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or a space station that's in orbit

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um okay so

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getting back to your

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trips and your experience kind of walk

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us through

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you know your very first flight into

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space and and what you what your

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takeaways were from that and then

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then from the space station

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yeah so that so as i was saying before

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the first flight was uh on space shuttle

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discovery uh in 2008

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and we brought up the largest part of

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the space station um it was the japanese

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laboratory um and we

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we had that in the payload bay of

280
00:09:53,750 --> 00:09:51,920
discovery

281
00:09:55,910 --> 00:09:53,760
and we docked to the space station and

282
00:09:58,150 --> 00:09:55,920
the next day my spacewalk partner mike

283
00:10:00,389 --> 00:09:58,160
fossum and i uh put on our spacesuits

284
00:10:02,790 --> 00:10:00,399
and head out and help install the

285
00:10:04,870 --> 00:10:02,800
laboratory onto the space station um it

286
00:10:06,470 --> 00:10:04,880
required two more spacewalks to complete

287
00:10:07,670 --> 00:10:06,480
the construction to complete that phase

288
00:10:09,590 --> 00:10:07,680
of the construction

289
00:10:11,110 --> 00:10:09,600
um and when we departed the space

290
00:10:13,110 --> 00:10:11,120
station we left

291
00:10:15,350 --> 00:10:13,120
an operational laboratory on board that

292
00:10:17,509 --> 00:10:15,360
wasn't there before that so that was um

293
00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:17,519
really exciting um

294
00:10:21,190 --> 00:10:19,760
not only was it my first flight it was

295
00:10:22,870 --> 00:10:21,200
you know the first time i ever put on a

296
00:10:24,710 --> 00:10:22,880
spacesuit and went out into the vacuum

297
00:10:26,630 --> 00:10:24,720
of space and so that was a that was a

298
00:10:28,870 --> 00:10:26,640
really incredible experience

299
00:10:31,110 --> 00:10:28,880
um so you were just like right out of

300
00:10:33,269 --> 00:10:31,120
the movie gravity you're

301
00:10:36,550 --> 00:10:33,279
out there floating just tethered with a

302
00:10:38,069 --> 00:10:36,560
a line to you to the space shuttle yeah

303
00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:38,079
it's just like gravity except for we

304
00:10:41,990 --> 00:10:39,680
didn't get hit by a bunch of space junk

305
00:10:43,430 --> 00:10:42,000
but um yeah it's like mountain mountain

306
00:10:44,790 --> 00:10:43,440
climbing where the first thing you do

307
00:10:47,110 --> 00:10:44,800
when you come out of the hatch is you

308
00:10:48,630 --> 00:10:47,120
you attach a hook to the space station

309
00:10:50,470 --> 00:10:48,640
there's hand rails all around the space

310
00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:50,480
station so you attach a hook to the

311
00:10:55,350 --> 00:10:52,800
space station and that hook is attached

312
00:10:57,030 --> 00:10:55,360
to a wire that's attached to a reel that

313
00:10:58,870 --> 00:10:57,040
is attached to you to your space suit

314
00:11:01,110 --> 00:10:58,880
and as you translate away from the air

315
00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:01,120
airlock away from the hatch

316
00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:03,440
on these handrails that reel is

317
00:11:07,350 --> 00:11:05,519
unwinding it's about 55 feet long and

318
00:11:09,190 --> 00:11:07,360
when you get to the end of that

319
00:11:11,190 --> 00:11:09,200
you put another hook down and you take

320
00:11:12,389 --> 00:11:11,200
that hook off and you go another 55 feet

321
00:11:13,990 --> 00:11:12,399
and so it's

322
00:11:16,069 --> 00:11:14,000
similar to mountain climbing in that way

323
00:11:18,470 --> 00:11:16,079
so you have this this tether

324
00:11:20,069 --> 00:11:18,480
so that if you were to float off float

325
00:11:22,790 --> 00:11:20,079
away from the space station hopefully

326
00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:22,800
that that tether would pull you back uh

327
00:11:26,150 --> 00:11:24,800
if that doesn't work if that tether

328
00:11:28,470 --> 00:11:26,160
breaks for instance

329
00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:28,480
uh or you didn't hook it on correctly or

330
00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:31,200
whatever uh we do have jet packs uh that

331
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:33,440
we can fly ourselves uh back to the

332
00:11:38,790 --> 00:11:35,760
space station as long as we didn't push

333
00:11:40,230 --> 00:11:38,800
off uh at too fast of velocity

334
00:11:41,590 --> 00:11:40,240
and and all that time you're traveling

335
00:11:44,230 --> 00:11:41,600
at about what speed

336
00:11:45,030 --> 00:11:44,240
uh you're traveling five miles a second

337
00:11:49,430 --> 00:11:45,040
so

338
00:11:52,069 --> 00:11:49,440
on tv it looks like you know we're just

339
00:11:53,829 --> 00:11:52,079
motionless just floating there but our

340
00:11:56,150 --> 00:11:53,839
bodies the space station everybody in

341
00:11:58,069 --> 00:11:56,160
the space station you know are traveling

342
00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:58,079
around the earth every 90 minutes which

343
00:12:02,389 --> 00:12:00,480
is 17 500 miles an hour right and

344
00:12:04,629 --> 00:12:02,399
obviously zero gravity

345
00:12:06,389 --> 00:12:04,639
zero gravity yeah and what about what is

346
00:12:08,150 --> 00:12:06,399
the temperature there

347
00:12:09,990 --> 00:12:08,160
it depends if you're in the shade or in

348
00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:10,000
the sun in the shade it's about 200

349
00:12:14,629 --> 00:12:12,480
minus 250 degrees and uh in the sun it's

350
00:12:16,629 --> 00:12:14,639
about 200

351
00:12:19,670 --> 00:12:16,639
minus 250 degrees in the shade and

352
00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:19,680
positive 250 degrees in the sunlight wow

353
00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:20,880
so so

354
00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:22,720
what the the umbilical cord essentially

355
00:12:26,870 --> 00:12:24,480
that you're connected to that's

356
00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:26,880
providing heat to insulin

357
00:12:30,870 --> 00:12:29,279
so we don't use an umbilical cord um all

358
00:12:32,389 --> 00:12:30,880
we have what's called a plis which is a

359
00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:32,399
life support pack that we wear on our

360
00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:34,720
back so we're basically a spacesuit is

361
00:12:39,509 --> 00:12:37,200
basically a self-contained spaceship

362
00:12:41,269 --> 00:12:39,519
so everything that we need to keep us at

363
00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:41,279
the right temperature to to get rid of

364
00:12:45,590 --> 00:12:43,360
carbon dioxide to give us the oxygen to

365
00:12:49,030 --> 00:12:45,600
supply pressure uh all of that is

366
00:12:50,790 --> 00:12:49,040
provided uh internally by the suit

367
00:12:54,230 --> 00:12:50,800
have there been any

368
00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:54,240
bad situations on spacewalks in the past

369
00:12:58,550 --> 00:12:56,399
yeah there have been um

370
00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:58,560
you know fortunately no one no one has

371
00:13:02,310 --> 00:13:00,399
been seriously injured or lost their

372
00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:02,320
life through it but you know we've had

373
00:13:07,110 --> 00:13:05,120
water leaks into the helmet where we

374
00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:07,120
were really worried about because it's

375
00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:08,720
not like you could just

376
00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:10,320
move your head it's the water is

377
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:13,360
floating in in balls and if they get so

378
00:13:16,550 --> 00:13:15,360
on your mouth and your nose you can't

379
00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:16,560
you won't be able you'll drown

380
00:13:20,310 --> 00:13:18,639
effectively and so

381
00:13:21,670 --> 00:13:20,320
there's that that happened we had people

382
00:13:25,430 --> 00:13:21,680
who have um

383
00:13:27,750 --> 00:13:25,440
had uh there's there's uh anti-fog um

384
00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:27,760
uh subs an anti-fogging substance that

385
00:13:31,590 --> 00:13:29,120
we put on the inside of the visor that

386
00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:31,600
got in their eyes and they they were

387
00:13:35,509 --> 00:13:33,200
for the most part blinded but by it

388
00:13:36,949 --> 00:13:35,519
temporarily um but enough that they had

389
00:13:40,150 --> 00:13:36,959
to you know

390
00:13:42,710 --> 00:13:40,160
take take actions to ensure the safety

391
00:13:44,470 --> 00:13:42,720
of the crew um yeah things like that

392
00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:44,480
we're always worried about the potential

393
00:13:48,550 --> 00:13:47,120
of micro media right

394
00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:48,560
impacts you know all over the space

395
00:13:52,629 --> 00:13:50,320
station you see craters

396
00:13:54,150 --> 00:13:52,639
and uh you know that there's um there's

397
00:13:55,590 --> 00:13:54,160
always a chance that you can get hit by

398
00:13:56,389 --> 00:13:55,600
something while you're out there

399
00:14:00,629 --> 00:13:56,399
so

400
00:14:02,870 --> 00:14:00,639
suffered any really significant damage

401
00:14:04,710 --> 00:14:02,880
from space junk

402
00:14:06,389 --> 00:14:04,720
uh i think that depends on what you mean

403
00:14:08,470 --> 00:14:06,399
by significant damage i mean there's

404
00:14:09,350 --> 00:14:08,480
pretty significant craters on on there

405
00:14:11,990 --> 00:14:09,360
but it

406
00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:12,000
hasn't to my knowledge hasn't caused any

407
00:14:15,750 --> 00:14:14,320
major systems to go down or or anything

408
00:14:16,790 --> 00:14:15,760
like that

409
00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:16,800
and all the space junk that you're

410
00:14:21,189 --> 00:14:18,560
referring to is all natural we're not

411
00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:21,199
talking about remnants of satellites

412
00:14:25,829 --> 00:14:23,839
both no both and so it could be just

413
00:14:28,389 --> 00:14:25,839
like micrometeorites like little pieces

414
00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:28,399
of meteorites that broke off or it could

415
00:14:32,150 --> 00:14:30,320
be satellites or it could be little

416
00:14:34,470 --> 00:14:32,160
pieces of satellites or little pieces of

417
00:14:36,949 --> 00:14:34,480
rockets you know that uh have launched

418
00:14:39,189 --> 00:14:36,959
into space and now you know bolts and

419
00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:39,199
wires and you know all kinds of little

420
00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:41,360
pieces you know break off

421
00:14:44,629 --> 00:14:43,120
and are traveling around

422
00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:44,639
traveling around the world at hypersonic

423
00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:45,920
speed

424
00:14:49,829 --> 00:14:47,680
is is that becoming a significant

425
00:14:52,069 --> 00:14:49,839
problem i mean compared to natural space

426
00:14:53,590 --> 00:14:52,079
junk like how much is the

427
00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:53,600
man-made space junk compared to the

428
00:14:57,189 --> 00:14:55,680
natural space tank any idea

429
00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:57,199
i don't know what the percentage is i

430
00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:58,399
don't think anybody knows because i

431
00:15:01,670 --> 00:15:00,160
don't think we can measure the the

432
00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:01,680
natural stuff but we have a pretty good

433
00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:02,560
idea

434
00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:04,320
on the stuff that we've put there

435
00:15:08,790 --> 00:15:07,040
ourselves and it's it is a big problem

436
00:15:10,629 --> 00:15:08,800
uh and it's a big problem that could

437
00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:10,639
cascade into an enormous problem you

438
00:15:13,990 --> 00:15:12,639
know if one piece of space junk hits

439
00:15:16,550 --> 00:15:14,000
another one they could set off a chain

440
00:15:18,470 --> 00:15:16,560
reaction where now instead of having two

441
00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:18,480
pieces of space junk you have 50 pieces

442
00:15:22,710 --> 00:15:20,880
of space junk and they hit things and it

443
00:15:25,269 --> 00:15:22,720
could take off and cascade to the point

444
00:15:27,829 --> 00:15:25,279
where we could get into a position where

445
00:15:30,389 --> 00:15:27,839
uh space is unusable we can't we can't

446
00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:30,399
it's there's too much up there uh and

447
00:15:34,389 --> 00:15:32,000
that the odds of hitting something

448
00:15:35,829 --> 00:15:34,399
become too great that we can't even fly

449
00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:35,839
so we we really need to get our arms

450
00:15:39,350 --> 00:15:37,279
around that

451
00:15:40,710 --> 00:15:39,360
so put us in that space suit just for a

452
00:15:43,350 --> 00:15:40,720
moment with you if you could for that

453
00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:43,360
space walk i mean you know if you

454
00:15:46,870 --> 00:15:44,959
obviously i'm sure you do probably will

455
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:46,880
never forget just you know the feelings

456
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:49,680
that you were having while you were

457
00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:51,680
doing that and you know i don't know if

458
00:15:55,829 --> 00:15:53,920
there was any fear element to it or any

459
00:15:57,030 --> 00:15:55,839
panic element to it but just kind of

460
00:15:58,230 --> 00:15:57,040
walk us through

461
00:15:59,670 --> 00:15:58,240
how it felt

462
00:16:01,430 --> 00:15:59,680
yeah it's a it's an incredible

463
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:01,440
experience it's almost indescribable

464
00:16:05,189 --> 00:16:03,519
because there's no context with which to

465
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:05,199
compare it to

466
00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:07,600
so it seems a little unreal at first

467
00:16:10,629 --> 00:16:09,440
because again you don't have anything to

468
00:16:12,550 --> 00:16:10,639
compare it to

469
00:16:14,710 --> 00:16:12,560
i had the opportunity to do in total

470
00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:14,720
four spacewalks three of them were on my

471
00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:15,920
first mission

472
00:16:20,870 --> 00:16:17,920
and i think one of the most memorable

473
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:20,880
experiences on any spacewalk for me

474
00:16:25,829 --> 00:16:22,880
was on the third spacewalk of the first

475
00:16:27,829 --> 00:16:25,839
mission and and on that um spacewalk my

476
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:27,839
feet were clamped to the end of the

477
00:16:31,990 --> 00:16:30,320
space station's robotic arm uh and with

478
00:16:33,509 --> 00:16:32,000
me attached to the arm with my feet

479
00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:33,519
attached to that arm

480
00:16:36,790 --> 00:16:35,360
it was flown through a maneuver that we

481
00:16:39,269 --> 00:16:36,800
call the windshield wiper and this took

482
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:39,279
me across a large arc across the top of

483
00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:40,880
the space station and back and at the

484
00:16:44,550 --> 00:16:42,560
top of this arc i was about 100 feet

485
00:16:47,110 --> 00:16:44,560
above the space station

486
00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:47,120
looking down at this incredible

487
00:16:49,829 --> 00:16:48,560
complex

488
00:16:52,150 --> 00:16:49,839
against the backdrop of our

489
00:16:53,110 --> 00:16:52,160
indescribably beautiful planet 240 miles

490
00:16:55,910 --> 00:16:53,120
below

491
00:16:57,990 --> 00:16:55,920
and it really took my breath away i mean

492
00:17:01,189 --> 00:16:58,000
that scene was just so

493
00:17:03,430 --> 00:17:01,199
strikingly beautiful uh and

494
00:17:05,029 --> 00:17:03,440
i think one of wha what hit me though i

495
00:17:05,909 --> 00:17:05,039
think even more than the beauty of that

496
00:17:07,590 --> 00:17:05,919
scene

497
00:17:09,350 --> 00:17:07,600
was the incredible

498
00:17:11,510 --> 00:17:09,360
human achievement that the international

499
00:17:13,510 --> 00:17:11,520
space station represents you know

500
00:17:15,429 --> 00:17:13,520
we talked about that 15 nations built

501
00:17:17,909 --> 00:17:15,439
the international space station

502
00:17:19,669 --> 00:17:17,919
as we all know some of these nations

503
00:17:21,189 --> 00:17:19,679
weren't always the best of friends some

504
00:17:23,350 --> 00:17:21,199
were on opposite sides of the cold war

505
00:17:25,829 --> 00:17:23,360
opposite sides of the space race some

506
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:25,839
fought wars against each other

507
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:27,360
but somehow they found a way to set

508
00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:28,799
aside their differences and do this

509
00:17:32,230 --> 00:17:30,720
amazing thing in space and

510
00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:32,240
as i hovered there above the space

511
00:17:35,669 --> 00:17:34,400
station i i wondered

512
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:35,679
what the world would look like you know

513
00:17:39,510 --> 00:17:37,760
how many fewer problems and challenges

514
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:39,520
would we face if we could figure out how

515
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:41,200
to have that same level of cooperation

516
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:43,280
that same level of collaboration and

517
00:17:47,590 --> 00:17:44,880
bring it down to the earth's surface and

518
00:17:49,110 --> 00:17:47,600
i think we face so many critical issues

519
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:49,120
and challenges on our planet right now

520
00:17:53,110 --> 00:17:51,280
in our country and around the world

521
00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:53,120
because of our inability to work

522
00:17:56,789 --> 00:17:55,120
together our inability to set aside our

523
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:56,799
differences our inability to work

524
00:18:02,150 --> 00:18:00,799
towards common common good uh and

525
00:18:03,909 --> 00:18:02,160
you know i think we're really hampered

526
00:18:05,669 --> 00:18:03,919
by our increasing divisiveness and

527
00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:05,679
polarization and everything else it's

528
00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:07,360
really um

529
00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:09,120
preventing us from solving these big

530
00:18:13,909 --> 00:18:11,600
challenges that we face

531
00:18:14,710 --> 00:18:13,919
who who does i mean i guess i'm thinking

532
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:14,720
of

533
00:18:18,470 --> 00:18:17,440
perhaps individuals maybe agencies but

534
00:18:20,310 --> 00:18:18,480
i'd love to hear the names of

535
00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:20,320
individuals as far as

536
00:18:25,350 --> 00:18:22,480
who really deserves credit for putting

537
00:18:26,710 --> 00:18:25,360
together that and i think it's important

538
00:18:29,990 --> 00:18:26,720
to kind of recognize because as you

539
00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:30,000
point out we need more of that so

540
00:18:33,669 --> 00:18:31,840
who were some of the key people or

541
00:18:35,510 --> 00:18:33,679
agencies that managed to put these 15

542
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:35,520
countries together to even dream this

543
00:18:40,789 --> 00:18:38,240
thing up let alone then put it together

544
00:18:42,470 --> 00:18:40,799
and implement it yeah i mean literally

545
00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,480
there were tens and tens of thousands of

546
00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:44,400
people that that worked on the program

547
00:18:46,789 --> 00:18:45,360
but

548
00:18:48,470 --> 00:18:46,799
one of the one of the interesting things

549
00:18:50,230 --> 00:18:48,480
was bringing the russians into the space

550
00:18:52,390 --> 00:18:50,240
station program because back in the

551
00:18:55,029 --> 00:18:52,400
early 90s um the russians weren't part

552
00:18:56,549 --> 00:18:55,039
of the station and as you remember

553
00:18:59,110 --> 00:18:56,559
that's right about the time where the

554
00:19:02,390 --> 00:18:59,120
soviet union was was disintegrating and

555
00:19:05,029 --> 00:19:02,400
uh it was a really chaotic uh situation

556
00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:05,039
and and the russian space agency and

557
00:19:10,630 --> 00:19:08,000
nasa negotiated the final entrance

558
00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:10,640
to uh into the space station program

559
00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:13,120
with tanks fire firing in moscow you

560
00:19:18,310 --> 00:19:15,520
know with you know in the midst of all

561
00:19:20,390 --> 00:19:18,320
this chaos uh and and in the midst of

562
00:19:22,630 --> 00:19:20,400
all that chaos both sides both russia

563
00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:22,640
and the united states felt it was so

564
00:19:27,430 --> 00:19:25,120
important to do this thing together that

565
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:27,440
they rest you know life and limb to sign

566
00:19:30,630 --> 00:19:29,120
those agreements and

567
00:19:33,110 --> 00:19:30,640
what was really interesting

568
00:19:34,789 --> 00:19:33,120
is back then in the us and actually in

569
00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:34,799
in other countries around the world

570
00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:37,600
there was a lot of dissenters a lot of

571
00:19:41,110 --> 00:19:39,440
people who objected to bringing the

572
00:19:42,630 --> 00:19:41,120
russians into the space station program

573
00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:42,640
they said the russians are doing x y and

574
00:19:47,029 --> 00:19:45,600
z until they stop doing x y x y and z we

575
00:19:48,710 --> 00:19:47,039
have no business doing anything with

576
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:48,720
them and to be clear what what time

577
00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:50,160
period are we talking about

578
00:19:54,310 --> 00:19:51,440
early 90s

579
00:19:56,549 --> 00:19:54,320
okay so that's when things the soviet

580
00:19:57,990 --> 00:19:56,559
union was coming apart at that time yeah

581
00:20:00,549 --> 00:19:58,000
exactly yeah at the

582
00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:00,559
at the same exact time i mean to the day

583
00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:02,640
i mean as it was falling apart that nasa

584
00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:04,880
was in so presumably ten years earlier

585
00:20:08,470 --> 00:20:07,280
this would not have happened

586
00:20:10,310 --> 00:20:08,480
it wouldn't have included the soviet

587
00:20:13,430 --> 00:20:10,320
union in other words uh i don't know we

588
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,440
had apollo soyuz back in the 1970s so

589
00:20:18,149 --> 00:20:15,520
i i think what's what's important to

590
00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:18,159
realize um in this in this case and

591
00:20:22,710 --> 00:20:20,880
actually in apollo soyuz too is

592
00:20:24,230 --> 00:20:22,720
that

593
00:20:26,630 --> 00:20:24,240
in the in the case of russia and the

594
00:20:27,590 --> 00:20:26,640
united states and the other partners as

595
00:20:29,909 --> 00:20:27,600
well

596
00:20:31,430 --> 00:20:29,919
there was this willingness to set aside

597
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:31,440
our differences and do this incredible

598
00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:32,960
thing in space to build the

599
00:20:36,630 --> 00:20:34,400
international space station

600
00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:36,640
because we decided to

601
00:20:41,029 --> 00:20:38,400
push aside fear

602
00:20:42,789 --> 00:20:41,039
and embrace on wonder we we found

603
00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:42,799
something that we wanted to do together

604
00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:44,640
the low hanging fruit if you will and we

605
00:20:49,669 --> 00:20:46,880
decided to work on that together

606
00:20:51,430 --> 00:20:49,679
and what developed from that is a

607
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,440
certain level of personal relationships

608
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:53,120
a certain level of trust

609
00:20:57,029 --> 00:20:54,240
and

610
00:20:58,070 --> 00:20:57,039
now that has become a platform that we

611
00:20:59,990 --> 00:20:58,080
can

612
00:21:01,270 --> 00:21:00,000
use to jump off and start to address the

613
00:21:03,750 --> 00:21:01,280
things that we don't agree on but we

614
00:21:05,909 --> 00:21:03,760
tend to do the exact opposite we tend to

615
00:21:07,750 --> 00:21:05,919
take those things that we agree on and

616
00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:07,760
and use them as a stick to force the

617
00:21:11,510 --> 00:21:09,280
things that we don't agree on and i

618
00:21:13,350 --> 00:21:11,520
think that that never works and

619
00:21:15,270 --> 00:21:13,360
i really feel that there's two really

620
00:21:17,270 --> 00:21:15,280
powerful motivators of action there's

621
00:21:19,350 --> 00:21:17,280
fear and there's on wonder and both are

622
00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:19,360
really effective in the short term you

623
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:20,640
know if a bear is chasing you you're

624
00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:22,320
going to run pretty fast right but i

625
00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:23,360
think only

626
00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:25,440
on wonder works in the long term on

627
00:21:29,029 --> 00:21:26,559
wonder

628
00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:29,039
opens up the mind to rational thought on

629
00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:30,400
wonder

630
00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:32,799
opens up to new partnerships and new

631
00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:35,919
ways of doing things and new innovations

632
00:21:40,149 --> 00:21:38,640
where where a fear-based mentality i

633
00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:40,159
don't think does that so in the case of

634
00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:42,000
the international space station in spite

635
00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:44,640
of all the differences we had we decided

636
00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:46,480
that we wanted to work on this thing

637
00:21:51,590 --> 00:21:48,720
together this thing that was um you know

638
00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:51,600
the joint efforts of exploring space

639
00:21:55,350 --> 00:21:53,280
together and and trying to push those

640
00:21:56,710 --> 00:21:55,360
envelopes and because we did that we

641
00:21:58,549 --> 00:21:56,720
wouldn't have a space station right now

642
00:22:01,669 --> 00:21:58,559
if we didn't do that because after the

643
00:22:03,830 --> 00:22:01,679
columbia disaster the only way for us to

644
00:22:05,190 --> 00:22:03,840
send people to the space station was

645
00:22:07,350 --> 00:22:05,200
with the russians on the soyuz

646
00:22:09,350 --> 00:22:07,360
spacecraft and

647
00:22:10,630 --> 00:22:09,360
there's a lot of redundancy and a lot of

648
00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:10,640
resilience

649
00:22:13,270 --> 00:22:12,080
that has been brought into the space

650
00:22:15,270 --> 00:22:13,280
station program because of that

651
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:15,280
partnership and

652
00:22:19,270 --> 00:22:17,200
it's not just a partnership

653
00:22:20,789 --> 00:22:19,280
in name it is a there there's not when

654
00:22:21,990 --> 00:22:20,799
we're on the space station we're not

655
00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:22,000
there's not the russian crew and the

656
00:22:25,909 --> 00:22:23,520
american crew and the japanese crew and

657
00:22:27,430 --> 00:22:25,919
the whoever it's just the crew we

658
00:22:30,070 --> 00:22:27,440
function as one

659
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:30,080
single crew uh one seamless integrated

660
00:22:34,390 --> 00:22:32,000
crew and it's not just the crew on orbit

661
00:22:36,149 --> 00:22:34,400
it's the crew in uh live in mission

662
00:22:39,029 --> 00:22:36,159
control rooms around the country all

663
00:22:40,470 --> 00:22:39,039
working together seamlessly uh to

664
00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:40,480
achieve the objectives of the mission

665
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:41,840
the number one objective the mission is

666
00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:43,919
to maintain this the safety and the and

667
00:22:48,630 --> 00:22:46,960
and the lives of the crews on board um

668
00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:48,640
and so you know i think it's a really

669
00:22:51,190 --> 00:22:50,000
good example

670
00:22:55,669 --> 00:22:51,200
for us to

671
00:22:57,510 --> 00:22:55,679
who was on the space station with you

672
00:22:59,190 --> 00:22:57,520
and where were they from and and did

673
00:23:01,669 --> 00:22:59,200
everyone speak english

674
00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:01,679
um yeah yeah for for the most part um so

675
00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:03,919
on my s my first mission

676
00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:05,280
uh

677
00:23:09,190 --> 00:23:07,440
the crew of the of the space shuttle was

678
00:23:10,310 --> 00:23:09,200
six americans and one japanese we had

679
00:23:14,789 --> 00:23:10,320
japanese

680
00:23:17,830 --> 00:23:14,799
came up with us and when we got to the

681
00:23:19,669 --> 00:23:17,840
space station uh there was an american

682
00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:19,679
and two russians that was my first

683
00:23:25,190 --> 00:23:22,640
mission my second mission when i flew up

684
00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:25,200
um i flew up with two russians and when

685
00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:27,200
we got on board there was a russian and

686
00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:30,320
american uh and an italian astronaut and

687
00:23:33,909 --> 00:23:31,760
and we had an overlap with them for

688
00:23:35,750 --> 00:23:33,919
about two months they went home and then

689
00:23:37,669 --> 00:23:35,760
another japanese astronaut another

690
00:23:40,470 --> 00:23:37,679
american astronaut and another russian

691
00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:40,480
astronaut came up but we also had the

692
00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:42,240
opportunity to host the last two space

693
00:23:45,430 --> 00:23:43,600
shuttle missions the

694
00:23:46,950 --> 00:23:45,440
the flight of uh the last flight of

695
00:23:48,470 --> 00:23:46,960
special endeavor and then the last

696
00:23:51,029 --> 00:23:48,480
flight of space shuttle atlantis which

697
00:23:51,990 --> 00:23:51,039
was the last flight in the space station

698
00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:52,000
program

699
00:23:57,510 --> 00:23:54,880
um and we had other nations that that

700
00:23:59,110 --> 00:23:57,520
came up on those shuttles as well

701
00:24:01,590 --> 00:23:59,120
and and what was the fee you're up there

702
00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:01,600
for about six months right

703
00:24:05,909 --> 00:24:03,520
what was the feeling that you had when

704
00:24:07,669 --> 00:24:05,919
you returned to earth

705
00:24:09,510 --> 00:24:07,679
well it was i had mixed feelings i mean

706
00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:09,520
i was obviously

707
00:24:12,950 --> 00:24:11,440
really excited to to get back to earth

708
00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:12,960
and to see my family and my friends and

709
00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:14,559
my loved ones

710
00:24:19,430 --> 00:24:17,440
but i also knew that in all likelihood i

711
00:24:21,909 --> 00:24:19,440
wouldn't get an opportunity to go back

712
00:24:24,070 --> 00:24:21,919
to space so i you know i

713
00:24:25,510 --> 00:24:24,080
there's a lot of things that define

714
00:24:27,430 --> 00:24:25,520
the beauty of life on earth that i

715
00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:27,440
missed when i was in space um and some

716
00:24:30,870 --> 00:24:29,440
of it i realized before i left that you

717
00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:30,880
know i'm not going to hear the sound of

718
00:24:34,310 --> 00:24:32,400
the birds i'm not going to see the mist

719
00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:34,320
on the lake i'm not i'm not going to see

720
00:24:37,110 --> 00:24:35,840
all these beautiful things and

721
00:24:38,950 --> 00:24:37,120
experience all these beautiful things

722
00:24:40,549 --> 00:24:38,960
for the next six months because i'll be

723
00:24:41,510 --> 00:24:40,559
in the artificial environment of a space

724
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:41,520
station

725
00:24:45,510 --> 00:24:43,360
but there's also a lot of things that

726
00:24:47,510 --> 00:24:45,520
define the beauty of life in space that

727
00:24:49,750 --> 00:24:47,520
i missed to this day you know the

728
00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:49,760
weightless freedom of being able to

729
00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:52,240
be in a microgravity environment

730
00:24:55,909 --> 00:24:54,080
the incredible unbelievable

731
00:24:57,350 --> 00:24:55,919
indescribable view of our planet that's

732
00:24:59,190 --> 00:24:57,360
constantly changing because we're going

733
00:25:02,549 --> 00:24:59,200
around the earth every 90 minutes

734
00:25:05,110 --> 00:25:02,559
um the being a part of this this big

735
00:25:06,390 --> 00:25:05,120
uh team that's doing great things uh and

736
00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:06,400
being a part of something bigger than

737
00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:08,240
myself um

738
00:25:11,990 --> 00:25:09,440
not that you have to go to space for

739
00:25:15,430 --> 00:25:12,000
that but but that certainly is is uh the

740
00:25:17,590 --> 00:25:15,440
environment of space and space travel

741
00:25:19,510 --> 00:25:17,600
yeah i know anusha said that she wasn't

742
00:25:22,630 --> 00:25:19,520
ready to to return

743
00:25:25,750 --> 00:25:22,640
uh but but but i'm still moved by the

744
00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:25,760
movie gravity and

745
00:25:30,549 --> 00:25:27,760
and was moved by the ending where i

746
00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:30,559
think sandra bullock finally returns to

747
00:25:33,269 --> 00:25:31,440
earth

748
00:25:35,350 --> 00:25:33,279
of course she had a pretty traumatic

749
00:25:36,549 --> 00:25:35,360
experience out there in space but but

750
00:25:38,549 --> 00:25:36,559
you know at the end of the movie it's

751
00:25:39,669 --> 00:25:38,559
almost like she's hugging earth right

752
00:25:41,830 --> 00:25:39,679
right and

753
00:25:43,269 --> 00:25:41,840
it really makes you kind of feel as you

754
00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:43,279
know earth

755
00:25:47,350 --> 00:25:45,360
is our home as opposed to

756
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:47,360
simply where you live your residence but

757
00:25:51,669 --> 00:25:49,840
actually this feeling of earth itself

758
00:25:53,190 --> 00:25:51,679
exactly being your home and you being of

759
00:25:54,870 --> 00:25:53,200
earth and when i was reading some things

760
00:25:56,470 --> 00:25:54,880
and about your book and prepping your

761
00:25:58,789 --> 00:25:56,480
book i think you make

762
00:26:00,470 --> 00:25:58,799
the the the statement that we are of

763
00:26:02,310 --> 00:26:00,480
earth not from

764
00:26:04,070 --> 00:26:02,320
earth right

765
00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:04,080
tell us what you mean by that well i

766
00:26:06,950 --> 00:26:04,960
mean

767
00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:06,960
there's a lot of layers to that um in

768
00:26:10,950 --> 00:26:09,039
the most simplest terms it's that you

769
00:26:12,310 --> 00:26:10,960
know

770
00:26:14,070 --> 00:26:12,320
when you look down at the planet from

771
00:26:16,230 --> 00:26:14,080
space you get this sense that you're

772
00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:16,240
looking at a living breathing organism

773
00:26:21,029 --> 00:26:18,320
right you you and in a sense you are

774
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:21,039
because because the ecosystem you know

775
00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:22,559
life doesn't

776
00:26:25,990 --> 00:26:24,159
we're not living on life we didn't come

777
00:26:27,510 --> 00:26:26,000
from somewhere else and get planted onto

778
00:26:30,549 --> 00:26:27,520
earth we were born

779
00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:30,559
on earth from earth and so it's it's all

780
00:26:34,870 --> 00:26:33,440
part of one process um so life sprung up

781
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:34,880
from earth it continues to spring up

782
00:26:37,350 --> 00:26:36,000
from earth

783
00:26:39,190 --> 00:26:37,360
uh and so

784
00:26:41,669 --> 00:26:39,200
you know if we if we fly a spaceship you

785
00:26:42,470 --> 00:26:41,679
know 2 000 light years away from the

786
00:26:43,269 --> 00:26:42,480
earth

787
00:26:45,350 --> 00:26:43,279
uh

788
00:26:47,430 --> 00:26:45,360
in some sense the radius of the earth

789
00:26:50,470 --> 00:26:47,440
just became 2000 light years because we

790
00:26:52,230 --> 00:26:50,480
are part of earth um you can't separate

791
00:26:53,590 --> 00:26:52,240
uh earth from us and and it's

792
00:26:54,710 --> 00:26:53,600
interesting that you brought up that

793
00:26:57,190 --> 00:26:54,720
word home

794
00:26:58,789 --> 00:26:57,200
uh and how you know talking about sandra

795
00:27:00,789 --> 00:26:58,799
bullock in the movie gravity and i had a

796
00:27:01,990 --> 00:27:00,799
very very similar experience

797
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:02,000
and

798
00:27:05,669 --> 00:27:03,360
when i returned to earth after the

799
00:27:07,190 --> 00:27:05,679
six-month mission and the soyuz

800
00:27:08,549 --> 00:27:07,200
basically landed on the ground it hit

801
00:27:10,149 --> 00:27:08,559
pretty hard and

802
00:27:11,909 --> 00:27:10,159
it hit so hard that it bounced and it

803
00:27:14,310 --> 00:27:11,919
rolled and it flipped over and now my

804
00:27:16,549 --> 00:27:14,320
window was pointed down at the ground

805
00:27:18,389 --> 00:27:16,559
and out of the window i saw a rock

806
00:27:20,630 --> 00:27:18,399
a flower and a blade of grass and i

807
00:27:21,909 --> 00:27:20,640
remember thinking to myself i'm home

808
00:27:23,269 --> 00:27:21,919
and what was really interesting about

809
00:27:24,230 --> 00:27:23,279
that thought and i realized this right

810
00:27:27,190 --> 00:27:24,240
away

811
00:27:29,350 --> 00:27:27,200
was i was home but i was in kazakhstan

812
00:27:31,350 --> 00:27:29,360
and so to me at that moment my home

813
00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:31,360
wasn't just houston texas where at the

814
00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:32,880
time my family was waiting for me to

815
00:27:37,430 --> 00:27:34,559
return home was earth

816
00:27:39,269 --> 00:27:37,440
and our definition of that word home has

817
00:27:40,549 --> 00:27:39,279
profound implications for how we problem

818
00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:40,559
solve how we treat each other how we

819
00:27:45,590 --> 00:27:43,360
treat our planet and what i realized um

820
00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:45,600
pretty much right away was it broadening

821
00:27:49,110 --> 00:27:47,279
that definition of the word home to

822
00:27:50,710 --> 00:27:49,120
encompass the entire planet

823
00:27:52,389 --> 00:27:50,720
doesn't come with a requirement to

824
00:27:54,549 --> 00:27:52,399
forget where we came from our national

825
00:27:57,110 --> 00:27:54,559
cultural religious ethnic

826
00:27:59,190 --> 00:27:57,120
identities um and affiliations it simply

827
00:28:00,789 --> 00:27:59,200
means seeing those things in the context

828
00:28:03,110 --> 00:28:00,799
of the bigger picture seeing them as a

829
00:28:05,029 --> 00:28:03,120
part of the overarching whole and i

830
00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:05,039
think that's what's missing in a lot of

831
00:28:08,549 --> 00:28:06,799
our dialogue right now is we don't see

832
00:28:12,789 --> 00:28:08,559
the overarching hole we just see the

833
00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:12,799
fragmented pieces that make up the whole

834
00:28:16,710 --> 00:28:14,960
yeah well it seems like

835
00:28:19,430 --> 00:28:16,720
politicians and a lot of other type of

836
00:28:21,350 --> 00:28:19,440
leaders maybe even religious leaders

837
00:28:24,549 --> 00:28:21,360
cause us to

838
00:28:26,870 --> 00:28:24,559
uh divide us and put us into different

839
00:28:29,830 --> 00:28:26,880
groups as opposed to unite us because it

840
00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:29,840
serves their political purpose or the or

841
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:32,320
economic purpose or whatever it may be

842
00:28:37,510 --> 00:28:35,360
it makes us easier to control

843
00:28:38,710 --> 00:28:37,520
i mean divide and conquer it

844
00:28:41,029 --> 00:28:38,720
it's been right it's been around for a

845
00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:41,039
long time so there's kind of two issues

846
00:28:46,630 --> 00:28:43,760
one is how do you get people more people

847
00:28:47,909 --> 00:28:46,640
to have that perspective and then

848
00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:47,919
what do you do with that so let's start

849
00:28:51,190 --> 00:28:49,520
with the first and i remember talking to

850
00:28:53,430 --> 00:28:51,200
anusha about this and she had some

851
00:28:54,630 --> 00:28:53,440
thoughts about it but

852
00:28:57,029 --> 00:28:54,640
how do you get more people to have the

853
00:28:59,269 --> 00:28:57,039
quote-unquote astronauts perspective

854
00:29:01,029 --> 00:28:59,279
yeah so my first book is called the

855
00:29:02,549 --> 00:29:01,039
orbital perspective and the major tenet

856
00:29:03,909 --> 00:29:02,559
of the orbital perspective is that you

857
00:29:06,230 --> 00:29:03,919
don't have to be in orbit to have the

858
00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:06,240
orbital perspective it it helps

859
00:29:10,710 --> 00:29:07,840
it helps to be able to see the planet

860
00:29:11,830 --> 00:29:10,720
that from that undeniable vantage point

861
00:29:13,510 --> 00:29:11,840
and to see

862
00:29:15,110 --> 00:29:13,520
the thinness of the atmosphere where

863
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:15,120
there's no doubt in your mind that we

864
00:29:19,110 --> 00:29:16,480
can put enough crap up into the

865
00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:19,120
atmosphere to to change things to change

866
00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:20,960
to change the planet it becomes really

867
00:29:23,830 --> 00:29:22,799
really obvious when you see that from

868
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:23,840
space

869
00:29:26,870 --> 00:29:25,440
but stay on that for a second i'm just

870
00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:26,880
curious about that because obviously

871
00:29:30,149 --> 00:29:28,240
climate change global warming is very

872
00:29:31,510 --> 00:29:30,159
controversial so you just found on that

873
00:29:33,269 --> 00:29:31,520
a little bit what do you mean by what

874
00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:33,279
you observe and so

875
00:29:37,350 --> 00:29:35,200
so i i was selected as an astronaut in

876
00:29:39,590 --> 00:29:37,360
the year 2000. i didn't fly to the year

877
00:29:41,350 --> 00:29:39,600
2008 and you know we had columbia in

878
00:29:43,909 --> 00:29:41,360
there and we shut down for a number of

879
00:29:46,470 --> 00:29:43,919
years and but in any case i listened to

880
00:29:48,070 --> 00:29:46,480
the equivalent of eight years of crews

881
00:29:49,430 --> 00:29:48,080
coming back from their missions saying

882
00:29:51,669 --> 00:29:49,440
you're not going to believe how thin the

883
00:29:53,909 --> 00:29:51,679
atmosphere is it's just

884
00:29:56,870 --> 00:29:53,919
it's it's indescribably thin and so i

885
00:29:58,950 --> 00:29:56,880
had a pretty big expectation

886
00:30:01,269 --> 00:29:58,960
for the thinness of the atmosphere and

887
00:30:03,430 --> 00:30:01,279
it blew me away i couldn't believe it so

888
00:30:05,909 --> 00:30:03,440
you see the planet and then you see this

889
00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:05,919
teeny tiny almost barely perceptible

890
00:30:09,750 --> 00:30:07,760
little teeny blue line

891
00:30:11,830 --> 00:30:09,760
hugging the earth like the width of a

892
00:30:13,669 --> 00:30:11,840
paper that's the entire atmosphere and

893
00:30:15,510 --> 00:30:13,679
sorry that's what you see once you've

894
00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:15,520
left the atmosphere you're looking back

895
00:30:21,110 --> 00:30:18,480
now yes so you're seeing the earth and

896
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:21,120
then you're seeing this cover of the

897
00:30:24,470 --> 00:30:22,799
atmosphere around around like the skin

898
00:30:26,789 --> 00:30:24,480
like the skin of an apple i mean that's

899
00:30:28,149 --> 00:30:26,799
the that's about it and in space it

900
00:30:29,990 --> 00:30:28,159
looks incredibly thin is what you're

901
00:30:31,430 --> 00:30:30,000
saying right like a little

902
00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:31,440
you know gust of wind can blow the

903
00:30:35,909 --> 00:30:34,159
entire atmosphere away um

904
00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:35,919
and that's really sobering it's it's

905
00:30:39,350 --> 00:30:37,520
it's and it's kind of scary to think

906
00:30:41,190 --> 00:30:39,360
that that paper-thin layer is keeping

907
00:30:43,750 --> 00:30:41,200
every living thing on the planet alive

908
00:30:45,669 --> 00:30:43,760
and i've seen i've witnessed uh

909
00:30:47,990 --> 00:30:45,679
pollution going up to the limits of the

910
00:30:49,909 --> 00:30:48,000
atmosphere i've seen fires whether

911
00:30:51,830 --> 00:30:49,919
they're crop burnings or forest fires

912
00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:51,840
going to the limits of the atmosphere

913
00:30:56,549 --> 00:30:54,000
spreading out over whole continents

914
00:30:57,909 --> 00:30:56,559
um and so it's it's very very obvious

915
00:30:59,990 --> 00:30:57,919
from the vantage point of space that we

916
00:31:01,990 --> 00:31:00,000
have the capability to dump enough stuff

917
00:31:03,750 --> 00:31:02,000
in the atmosphere to change and and not

918
00:31:06,070 --> 00:31:03,760
to get too off subject but but you talk

919
00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:06,080
about the ozone and ozone layer is that

920
00:31:09,350 --> 00:31:07,679
the same thing as the atmosphere or

921
00:31:10,789 --> 00:31:09,360
that's different if you know that it's a

922
00:31:12,710 --> 00:31:10,799
part of the atmosphere the ozone layer

923
00:31:15,830 --> 00:31:12,720
is a part of the atmosphere um that

924
00:31:17,430 --> 00:31:15,840
protects us from from radiation okay so

925
00:31:19,590 --> 00:31:17,440
i know there's a hole in the ozone in

926
00:31:21,750 --> 00:31:19,600
australia around australia i'm not sure

927
00:31:23,509 --> 00:31:21,760
if you know much about that but

928
00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:23,519
i i don't know what's created it or why

929
00:31:27,430 --> 00:31:25,600
it's there but uh i just know having

930
00:31:29,350 --> 00:31:27,440
visited australia that the sun feels a

931
00:31:31,990 --> 00:31:29,360
lot different there it is really strong

932
00:31:34,149 --> 00:31:32,000
there but i mean back in the i think it

933
00:31:35,909 --> 00:31:34,159
was the 70s you know we had a major

934
00:31:38,549 --> 00:31:35,919
crisis a major environmental crisis

935
00:31:41,430 --> 00:31:38,559
where scientists determined that because

936
00:31:43,590 --> 00:31:41,440
of of human activity that we we had put

937
00:31:45,509 --> 00:31:43,600
a hole in the ozone layer and we changed

938
00:31:47,990 --> 00:31:45,519
our we changed our behaviors and we were

939
00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:48,000
able that's a really big success story

940
00:31:53,430 --> 00:31:50,320
uh because um we'd be living in a

941
00:31:57,750 --> 00:31:55,909
not that we're out of the woods but uh

942
00:31:59,269 --> 00:31:57,760
things would be much more dangerous uh

943
00:32:01,750 --> 00:31:59,279
than they are they are right now had we

944
00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:01,760
not uh mitigated that that problem okay

945
00:32:05,909 --> 00:32:03,760
so back to how

946
00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:05,919
more people can can get the orbital

947
00:32:11,029 --> 00:32:08,880
perspective yeah i think i i think you

948
00:32:13,430 --> 00:32:11,039
can do it on a moment-to-moment day day

949
00:32:14,789 --> 00:32:13,440
by day basis by simply reason realizing

950
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:14,799
that you're part of something bigger you

951
00:32:18,710 --> 00:32:16,799
know every morning i wake up in my bed

952
00:32:20,789 --> 00:32:18,720
but i also wake up on a planet

953
00:32:23,350 --> 00:32:20,799
uh and you know growing up in new york

954
00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:23,360
my universe uh when i was a kid you know

955
00:32:29,029 --> 00:32:25,840
didn't extend past the hudson river i

956
00:32:29,830 --> 00:32:29,039
mean that's that's as far as my you know

957
00:32:32,389 --> 00:32:29,840
my

958
00:32:34,230 --> 00:32:32,399
thinking took me um but having the

959
00:32:35,669 --> 00:32:34,240
opportunity to you know not just travel

960
00:32:36,950 --> 00:32:35,679
in space but travel around the world and

961
00:32:37,990 --> 00:32:36,960
meet people meet people of different

962
00:32:40,310 --> 00:32:38,000
cultures

963
00:32:43,830 --> 00:32:40,320
uh and to see those stereotypes break

964
00:32:46,549 --> 00:32:43,840
down just to see um

965
00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:46,559
empathy develop i i think is is a good

966
00:32:50,549 --> 00:32:47,840
way to do that one of the ways we do

967
00:32:55,590 --> 00:32:52,630
by listening right by being able to

968
00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:55,600
listen to folks and so if somebody has

969
00:32:59,029 --> 00:32:57,760
an opinion that is completely 180 out

970
00:33:00,389 --> 00:32:59,039
from your opinion completely different

971
00:33:02,789 --> 00:33:00,399
than your opinion

972
00:33:04,389 --> 00:33:02,799
we should before we dismiss it outright

973
00:33:05,830 --> 00:33:04,399
we should listen we should we should be

974
00:33:07,350 --> 00:33:05,840
able to have a rational conversation

975
00:33:09,269 --> 00:33:07,360
with folks

976
00:33:10,870 --> 00:33:09,279
and i think one of the ways we were able

977
00:33:12,950 --> 00:33:10,880
to do that is by

978
00:33:14,070 --> 00:33:12,960
not identifying with our own positions

979
00:33:15,990 --> 00:33:14,080
as us

980
00:33:17,029 --> 00:33:16,000
right because if you attack my my

981
00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:17,039
opinion

982
00:33:21,750 --> 00:33:19,360
um we take that generally to mean you're

983
00:33:24,389 --> 00:33:21,760
attacking me personally uh and that that

984
00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:24,399
leads to a different conversation and so

985
00:33:28,789 --> 00:33:26,720
i think that all of us need to be a

986
00:33:29,669 --> 00:33:28,799
little bit more open to hearing

987
00:33:31,590 --> 00:33:29,679
um

988
00:33:34,630 --> 00:33:31,600
differing opinions and one of the things

989
00:33:37,110 --> 00:33:34,640
that's really important about this is

990
00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:37,120
the very diversity of our perspectives

991
00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:38,559
because different opinions are probably

992
00:33:43,669 --> 00:33:40,480
coming from different perspectives right

993
00:33:46,149 --> 00:33:43,679
um and so that diversity of perspective

994
00:33:48,230 --> 00:33:46,159
is a source of great strength if we

995
00:33:49,590 --> 00:33:48,240
allow it to because when we see things

996
00:33:51,669 --> 00:33:49,600
from two different perspectives we're

997
00:33:53,509 --> 00:33:51,679
seeing it in stereoscopic vision right

998
00:33:55,269 --> 00:33:53,519
we're starting to see it in 3d we're

999
00:33:56,230 --> 00:33:55,279
starting to see the depth of things so

1000
00:33:58,389 --> 00:33:56,240
the more

1001
00:34:00,710 --> 00:33:58,399
perspectives that we apply to a to a

1002
00:34:02,230 --> 00:34:00,720
situation to a problem to a challenge

1003
00:34:04,149 --> 00:34:02,240
the deeper is going to be our

1004
00:34:06,389 --> 00:34:04,159
understanding of that problem

1005
00:34:07,590 --> 00:34:06,399
and the richer and more effective are

1006
00:34:09,750 --> 00:34:07,600
going to be the solutions that are

1007
00:34:11,270 --> 00:34:09,760
derived from that and so what we tend to

1008
00:34:13,829 --> 00:34:11,280
do is see these differences of

1009
00:34:15,510 --> 00:34:13,839
perspective as you know things that i

1010
00:34:17,990 --> 00:34:15,520
need to put a wall between i need to

1011
00:34:20,149 --> 00:34:18,000
separate myself i need to attack

1012
00:34:22,069 --> 00:34:20,159
i can't recognize any merit whatsoever

1013
00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:22,079
in this other perspective because if i

1014
00:34:25,030 --> 00:34:23,520
recognize merit then they're going to

1015
00:34:27,109 --> 00:34:25,040
increase and i'm going to decrease it's

1016
00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:27,119
this you know zero-sum game thing

1017
00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:28,879
playing out and that's not the reality

1018
00:34:34,069 --> 00:34:30,960
of the world is that the very difference

1019
00:34:36,069 --> 00:34:34,079
of opinions is what can lead to a real

1020
00:34:37,669 --> 00:34:36,079
uh strength of solutions

1021
00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:37,679
and if everyone came from the same

1022
00:34:41,190 --> 00:34:39,599
orbital perspective at least as a

1023
00:34:43,430 --> 00:34:41,200
foundation

1024
00:34:45,909 --> 00:34:43,440
then it perhaps opens that up

1025
00:34:47,510 --> 00:34:45,919
more yeah if by if by that you mean a

1026
00:34:49,829 --> 00:34:47,520
willingness to take in the big picture

1027
00:34:51,190 --> 00:34:49,839
yes right right but what in my in my new

1028
00:34:53,190 --> 00:34:51,200
book that just came out a couple weeks

1029
00:34:54,950 --> 00:34:53,200
ago floating in darkness i i borrowed a

1030
00:34:56,149 --> 00:34:54,960
term from cinematography called the

1031
00:34:57,589 --> 00:34:56,159
dolly zoom

1032
00:34:59,670 --> 00:34:57,599
and what adele you know you've seen it

1033
00:35:01,910 --> 00:34:59,680
in jaws and vertigo and a bunch of

1034
00:35:03,910 --> 00:35:01,920
different movies and in cinematography

1035
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:03,920
what it is is the camera is dollied back

1036
00:35:06,950 --> 00:35:05,280
or rolled back

1037
00:35:08,390 --> 00:35:06,960
at the same time in the same rate that

1038
00:35:11,670 --> 00:35:08,400
it's zoomed in

1039
00:35:13,589 --> 00:35:11,680
right and so it it it serves to kind of

1040
00:35:15,670 --> 00:35:13,599
challenge the viewer's perception of

1041
00:35:16,950 --> 00:35:15,680
reality it gives depth and height to a

1042
00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:16,960
scene

1043
00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:18,960
but if you dolly zoom a situation or a

1044
00:35:23,349 --> 00:35:20,960
challenge or a problem what it means is

1045
00:35:26,069 --> 00:35:23,359
you zoom out to the widest geographical

1046
00:35:28,470 --> 00:35:26,079
area possible but as you zoom out you

1047
00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:28,480
keep in focus the worm's eye details on

1048
00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:30,320
the ground you don't zoom out to the

1049
00:35:34,150 --> 00:35:31,920
point where people become numbers on a

1050
00:35:36,550 --> 00:35:34,160
spreadsheet or just a workforce or a

1051
00:35:38,630 --> 00:35:36,560
voting block or whatever they maintain

1052
00:35:40,870 --> 00:35:38,640
you know they maintain their identity as

1053
00:35:43,430 --> 00:35:40,880
valued members of our human family it

1054
00:35:44,630 --> 00:35:43,440
also has a temporal aspect to it and

1055
00:35:47,670 --> 00:35:44,640
that means that we're going to zoom out

1056
00:35:49,589 --> 00:35:47,680
to the widest time frame possible so if

1057
00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:49,599
we have a you know some type of piece of

1058
00:35:53,670 --> 00:35:52,400
legislat legislation or some decision or

1059
00:35:54,950 --> 00:35:53,680
or you know something that we're going

1060
00:35:56,630 --> 00:35:54,960
to enact

1061
00:35:58,950 --> 00:35:56,640
we need to look at what the long-term

1062
00:36:00,870 --> 00:35:58,960
effects of that are going to be

1063
00:36:01,829 --> 00:36:00,880
ideally a multi-generational effect how

1064
00:36:04,069 --> 00:36:01,839
is this going to affect our great

1065
00:36:05,829 --> 00:36:04,079
grandchildren because right now what we

1066
00:36:07,349 --> 00:36:05,839
tend to be solely focused on is the next

1067
00:36:08,710 --> 00:36:07,359
shareholder report the next election

1068
00:36:10,550 --> 00:36:08,720
cycle

1069
00:36:13,109 --> 00:36:10,560
these things are important so as we zoom

1070
00:36:14,710 --> 00:36:13,119
out to the long term we can't lose

1071
00:36:16,790 --> 00:36:14,720
sight of that short term

1072
00:36:18,790 --> 00:36:16,800
either and then the last part of the

1073
00:36:20,230 --> 00:36:18,800
orbital perspective over the the dolly

1074
00:36:22,150 --> 00:36:20,240
zoom effect how it applies to the

1075
00:36:23,349 --> 00:36:22,160
orbital perspective

1076
00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:23,359
is to look at things at different

1077
00:36:26,790 --> 00:36:25,040
perspectives and that's that thought

1078
00:36:28,710 --> 00:36:26,800
came to me on a spacewalk as i was

1079
00:36:30,550 --> 00:36:28,720
looking down uh at the earth and

1080
00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:30,560
realizing that my perspective was

1081
00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:32,160
changing by five miles a second and

1082
00:36:35,109 --> 00:36:34,160
again all that all that we talked about

1083
00:36:36,870 --> 00:36:35,119
how those

1084
00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:36,880
uh varying perspectives gives us

1085
00:36:41,030 --> 00:36:39,040
strength uh to our problem-solving

1086
00:36:43,030 --> 00:36:41,040
process all need to be put into place

1087
00:36:45,349 --> 00:36:43,040
and so uh you don't have to go to space

1088
00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:45,359
to realize any of that and and by by

1089
00:36:49,109 --> 00:36:46,880
looking at the long term and the short

1090
00:36:51,589 --> 00:36:49,119
term looking at how things affect the

1091
00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:51,599
local area in addition to the general

1092
00:36:55,510 --> 00:36:53,920
area does does it does it help over here

1093
00:36:56,790 --> 00:36:55,520
but heard over here you know all of

1094
00:36:59,510 --> 00:36:56,800
these things have to be taken into

1095
00:37:00,870 --> 00:36:59,520
account in the big picture

1096
00:37:03,109 --> 00:37:00,880
when you communicate with other

1097
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:03,119
astronauts um and talk about things like

1098
00:37:07,190 --> 00:37:05,359
this i mean do you find that they kind

1099
00:37:09,349 --> 00:37:07,200
of share the same

1100
00:37:11,109 --> 00:37:09,359
orbital perspective as you do and you

1101
00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:11,119
find that your conversations with them

1102
00:37:14,790 --> 00:37:12,960
are qualitatively different than they

1103
00:37:17,190 --> 00:37:14,800
are with people who have not

1104
00:37:18,950 --> 00:37:17,200
experienced it

1105
00:37:21,030 --> 00:37:18,960
i'm going to hesitate to answer that in

1106
00:37:22,870 --> 00:37:21,040
a way because chris

1107
00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:22,880
again with the tenant that you don't

1108
00:37:27,109 --> 00:37:24,240
have to go to orbit to have the orbital

1109
00:37:29,589 --> 00:37:27,119
perspective right yeah the answer is yes

1110
00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:29,599
my conversations uh with people who have

1111
00:37:32,390 --> 00:37:31,520
experienced the planet from space

1112
00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:32,400
uh

1113
00:37:35,510 --> 00:37:34,000
where a couple of

1114
00:37:36,630 --> 00:37:35,520
were a couple of steps advanced in the

1115
00:37:38,790 --> 00:37:36,640
conversation

1116
00:37:40,950 --> 00:37:38,800
because we we already have a similar

1117
00:37:43,190 --> 00:37:40,960
experience to compare it to and almost

1118
00:37:45,589 --> 00:37:43,200
sorry to interrupt but almost uniformly

1119
00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:45,599
people who have been to space they do

1120
00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:47,520
share this they they they're affected in

1121
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:50,160
the same way i i think they are to

1122
00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:52,400
varying degrees and to varying

1123
00:37:57,190 --> 00:37:54,720
realizations and with uh at times

1124
00:38:00,470 --> 00:37:57,200
differing lexicon to describe the

1125
00:38:01,910 --> 00:38:00,480
situation but but you know i've i i i'm

1126
00:38:05,030 --> 00:38:01,920
a filmmaker too and i've i've

1127
00:38:06,710 --> 00:38:05,040
interviewed uh astronauts uh and we've

1128
00:38:08,150 --> 00:38:06,720
asked them you know have did you

1129
00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:08,160
experience um

1130
00:38:11,589 --> 00:38:09,920
you know did you going to space change

1131
00:38:12,790 --> 00:38:11,599
you and they would say oh no it hasn't

1132
00:38:14,870 --> 00:38:12,800
changed me at all and then they'd spend

1133
00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:14,880
the next 15 minutes talking about all

1134
00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:16,640
the things that have changed

1135
00:38:21,829 --> 00:38:19,520
in them since since going to space so so

1136
00:38:23,670 --> 00:38:21,839
i think that's the case but

1137
00:38:25,829 --> 00:38:23,680
again you don't have to go to space to

1138
00:38:27,270 --> 00:38:25,839
realize any of this and that you don't

1139
00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:27,280
there are conversations you could have

1140
00:38:30,710 --> 00:38:29,200
with folks where um

1141
00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:30,720
with where they are on the same sheet of

1142
00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:32,480
music that they do understand

1143
00:38:36,150 --> 00:38:34,960
that there's a there's a a local picture

1144
00:38:37,430 --> 00:38:36,160
and a big picture that have to be

1145
00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:37,440
integrated there's a long term and a

1146
00:38:41,750 --> 00:38:39,440
short term that have to be integrated uh

1147
00:38:43,109 --> 00:38:41,760
and and all those other things and that

1148
00:38:45,349 --> 00:38:43,119
go ahead i'm sorry

1149
00:38:46,790 --> 00:38:45,359
well sorry yes i was just thinking so

1150
00:38:48,870 --> 00:38:46,800
kind of back to the idea okay how do we

1151
00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:48,880
give more people this perspective some

1152
00:38:52,950 --> 00:38:50,640
people might intuitively have it or some

1153
00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:52,960
people might have watched gravity which

1154
00:38:56,550 --> 00:38:55,200
was kind of the case for me and and

1155
00:38:59,190 --> 00:38:56,560
thought i picked up a little bit of it

1156
00:39:00,950 --> 00:38:59,200
right um but how do we give give it to

1157
00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:00,960
more people and the thing that kind of

1158
00:39:04,630 --> 00:39:02,960
strikes me is school

1159
00:39:06,870 --> 00:39:04,640
that that if you could give it to to

1160
00:39:09,109 --> 00:39:06,880
children uh i don't know what age would

1161
00:39:11,510 --> 00:39:09,119
be appropriate but um

1162
00:39:13,510 --> 00:39:11,520
is is there much of an effort there

1163
00:39:15,670 --> 00:39:13,520
i i think

1164
00:39:17,270 --> 00:39:15,680
i think there is but i think

1165
00:39:19,510 --> 00:39:17,280
um i think there's lots of things that

1166
00:39:21,349 --> 00:39:19,520
we could do to help uh give people that

1167
00:39:23,030 --> 00:39:21,359
perspective but i think the biggest

1168
00:39:24,310 --> 00:39:23,040
thing we could do is stop preventing

1169
00:39:25,270 --> 00:39:24,320
them from getting that perspective

1170
00:39:27,270 --> 00:39:25,280
because

1171
00:39:29,349 --> 00:39:27,280
really if we just move i think it's the

1172
00:39:31,109 --> 00:39:29,359
natural state i think the natural state

1173
00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:31,119
of humans is to have this big picture

1174
00:39:36,230 --> 00:39:34,240
perspective i think that we artificially

1175
00:39:39,670 --> 00:39:36,240
um

1176
00:39:40,950 --> 00:39:39,680
that development we artificially

1177
00:39:43,270 --> 00:39:40,960
prevent that

1178
00:39:45,670 --> 00:39:43,280
that growth from happening and and we do

1179
00:39:47,270 --> 00:39:45,680
that in our you know hyper-polarized

1180
00:39:49,270 --> 00:39:47,280
divisive world that we live in where

1181
00:39:52,470 --> 00:39:49,280
we're all placed in our own echo chamber

1182
00:39:53,990 --> 00:39:52,480
walled boxes um by the algorithms that

1183
00:39:55,270 --> 00:39:54,000
determine you know

1184
00:39:56,870 --> 00:39:55,280
what what things we're going to see on

1185
00:39:59,349 --> 00:39:56,880
social media for instance although we've

1186
00:40:00,870 --> 00:39:59,359
needed great scientific uh advances

1187
00:40:03,829 --> 00:40:00,880
because we used to think the world was

1188
00:40:05,990 --> 00:40:03,839
flat and right so

1189
00:40:07,829 --> 00:40:06,000
thanks to scientific expansion and being

1190
00:40:09,990 --> 00:40:07,839
able to do what you did etc we're now

1191
00:40:11,430 --> 00:40:10,000
kind of we are opened up to this so

1192
00:40:14,230 --> 00:40:11,440
while at the same time we've been opened

1193
00:40:16,470 --> 00:40:14,240
up to this to your point

1194
00:40:18,950 --> 00:40:16,480
we're we're not embracing it because

1195
00:40:21,190 --> 00:40:18,960
we're being taught to

1196
00:40:23,430 --> 00:40:21,200
focus on our little

1197
00:40:25,270 --> 00:40:23,440
world our individual world the

1198
00:40:26,150 --> 00:40:25,280
perspective of the oral perspective or

1199
00:40:27,910 --> 00:40:26,160
whatever you want to call it the

1200
00:40:29,030 --> 00:40:27,920
perspective is not the end point the the

1201
00:40:31,829 --> 00:40:29,040
endpoint

1202
00:40:33,750 --> 00:40:31,839
is to be a fully functioning society to

1203
00:40:36,950 --> 00:40:33,760
be a fully functioning species that's

1204
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:36,960
embedded into the biosphere called earth

1205
00:40:42,230 --> 00:40:40,480
and you know part of that is developing

1206
00:40:43,910 --> 00:40:42,240
empathy and compassion uh and

1207
00:40:45,109 --> 00:40:43,920
understanding of other people's

1208
00:40:46,150 --> 00:40:45,119
perspectives

1209
00:40:48,069 --> 00:40:46,160
and

1210
00:40:50,309 --> 00:40:48,079
you know that that that's the end point

1211
00:40:52,150 --> 00:40:50,319
and science you know that's

1212
00:40:54,710 --> 00:40:52,160
that's kind of separated from scientific

1213
00:40:56,150 --> 00:40:54,720
advancement i mean um that you don't

1214
00:40:58,870 --> 00:40:56,160
need scientific you don't need any more

1215
00:41:00,870 --> 00:40:58,880
technological advancement to be able to

1216
00:41:02,950 --> 00:41:00,880
to incorporate empathy and compassion

1217
00:41:05,990 --> 00:41:02,960
and understanding uh and rational

1218
00:41:07,829 --> 00:41:06,000
thought into into conversations

1219
00:41:10,230 --> 00:41:07,839
i think unless i'm just inventing this

1220
00:41:12,710 --> 00:41:10,240
in my head but i i thought i heard about

1221
00:41:15,829 --> 00:41:12,720
an effort to use a

1222
00:41:17,750 --> 00:41:15,839
3d and maybe these 3d goggles

1223
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:17,760
that would give the

1224
00:41:21,270 --> 00:41:19,520
ability of somebody to kind of really

1225
00:41:22,790 --> 00:41:21,280
feel like they've experienced going into

1226
00:41:24,790 --> 00:41:22,800
space have you heard about something

1227
00:41:26,470 --> 00:41:24,800
like that i mean it would be great if if

1228
00:41:29,349 --> 00:41:26,480
it could be done yeah there's all kinds

1229
00:41:30,710 --> 00:41:29,359
of efforts to use technology like 3d um

1230
00:41:32,710 --> 00:41:30,720
to do that but you know one of the

1231
00:41:34,950 --> 00:41:32,720
missing pieces of that is the weightless

1232
00:41:36,390 --> 00:41:34,960
part of it um because that's it's not

1233
00:41:37,670 --> 00:41:36,400
only the view that you see out the

1234
00:41:39,589 --> 00:41:37,680
window it's the fact that you're

1235
00:41:40,710 --> 00:41:39,599
detached from your view right so imagine

1236
00:41:42,150 --> 00:41:40,720
that you're on the rim of the grand

1237
00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:42,160
canyon or sitting on a beautiful beach

1238
00:41:45,589 --> 00:41:43,760
looking at the sunset

1239
00:41:47,829 --> 00:41:45,599
uh no matter how sublime the beauty of

1240
00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:47,839
that scene is gravity is pushing you

1241
00:41:51,349 --> 00:41:49,359
down into the scene you're with you're

1242
00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:51,359
within the frame of the masterpiece

1243
00:41:54,950 --> 00:41:53,359
right but when you're in space you're

1244
00:41:56,630 --> 00:41:54,960
outside of the frame you're out you're

1245
00:41:58,150 --> 00:41:56,640
outside of of

1246
00:42:00,390 --> 00:41:58,160
you know you talk about you can't you

1247
00:42:02,309 --> 00:42:00,400
can't solve a problem while you're still

1248
00:42:03,750 --> 00:42:02,319
inside the problem right so you're

1249
00:42:04,950 --> 00:42:03,760
outside of the challenges you're outside

1250
00:42:07,030 --> 00:42:04,960
of the problems you're outside of the

1251
00:42:08,710 --> 00:42:07,040
masterpiece of beauty that you're seeing

1252
00:42:10,950 --> 00:42:08,720
and i think uh

1253
00:42:12,309 --> 00:42:10,960
being weightlessly weightless uh you

1254
00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:12,319
know floating their weightless and

1255
00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:14,000
seeing that site is is part of the

1256
00:42:17,750 --> 00:42:15,680
experience

1257
00:42:19,510 --> 00:42:17,760
and and that's the ability to be

1258
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:19,520
physically detached

1259
00:42:22,950 --> 00:42:21,200
from the earth um

1260
00:42:24,950 --> 00:42:22,960
but having said all that you know i

1261
00:42:26,710 --> 00:42:24,960
think all of these efforts whether it's

1262
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:26,720
three you know vr

1263
00:42:31,910 --> 00:42:30,319
uh ar uh you know uh there is zero g

1264
00:42:33,430 --> 00:42:31,920
aircraft that can be incorporated into

1265
00:42:35,430 --> 00:42:33,440
it there's all kinds of simulators that

1266
00:42:38,030 --> 00:42:35,440
are being developed uh all of those

1267
00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:38,040
things can help uh with that

1268
00:42:41,190 --> 00:42:39,200
[Music]

1269
00:42:43,589 --> 00:42:41,200
so um

1270
00:42:45,750 --> 00:42:43,599
what do you kind of see is your mission

1271
00:42:47,190 --> 00:42:45,760
at this point uh you know as far as you

1272
00:42:49,109 --> 00:42:47,200
know i know you wrote these two very

1273
00:42:50,390 --> 00:42:49,119
impressive books and you know what are

1274
00:42:52,790 --> 00:42:50,400
you really

1275
00:42:54,630 --> 00:42:52,800
trying to achieve and what's

1276
00:42:56,950 --> 00:42:54,640
maybe more importantly what is the end

1277
00:42:59,829 --> 00:42:56,960
game because to be honest it all sounds

1278
00:43:01,030 --> 00:42:59,839
great in theory right but in practice it

1279
00:43:03,109 --> 00:43:01,040
sounds like

1280
00:43:04,870 --> 00:43:03,119
unlikely so

1281
00:43:06,470 --> 00:43:04,880
i guess a what do you think you're

1282
00:43:08,390 --> 00:43:06,480
trying to accomplish and be

1283
00:43:12,550 --> 00:43:08,400
what are we trying to get to

1284
00:43:14,069 --> 00:43:12,560
sure so i i left nasa in 2013

1285
00:43:16,309 --> 00:43:14,079
and i left

1286
00:43:18,470 --> 00:43:16,319
for the singular reason to be able to

1287
00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:18,480
share a full-time unencumbered

1288
00:43:22,710 --> 00:43:20,160
this view of our planet

1289
00:43:24,390 --> 00:43:22,720
view of our world view of our society

1290
00:43:26,390 --> 00:43:24,400
that was given to me when i went to

1291
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:26,400
space and so everything i've done since

1292
00:43:31,109 --> 00:43:29,680
leaving nasa was done with the objective

1293
00:43:32,950 --> 00:43:31,119
the motivation to

1294
00:43:34,710 --> 00:43:32,960
figure figuratively or literally

1295
00:43:36,390 --> 00:43:34,720
transport people to this higher vantage

1296
00:43:37,990 --> 00:43:36,400
point you know this vantage point where

1297
00:43:39,589 --> 00:43:38,000
all the pieces of the puzzle come

1298
00:43:41,030 --> 00:43:39,599
together so i've i've written three

1299
00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:41,040
books now the orbital perspective

1300
00:43:44,390 --> 00:43:42,240
floating in darkness and i have a

1301
00:43:47,589 --> 00:43:44,400
children's book called railroad to the

1302
00:43:49,910 --> 00:43:47,599
moon coming out i started painting i

1303
00:43:51,430 --> 00:43:49,920
started making films i do public

1304
00:43:52,470 --> 00:43:51,440
speaking and consulting all around the

1305
00:43:54,790 --> 00:43:52,480
world

1306
00:43:57,829 --> 00:43:54,800
because i really do believe that this

1307
00:43:59,270 --> 00:43:57,839
vantage point this perspective uh has uh

1308
00:44:01,589 --> 00:43:59,280
incredible

1309
00:44:03,670 --> 00:44:01,599
uh implications for our the problem

1310
00:44:05,910 --> 00:44:03,680
solving process or how we solve our

1311
00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:05,920
biggest most seemingly intractable

1312
00:44:10,870 --> 00:44:09,119
problems and i think um

1313
00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:10,880
the reason why we still face so many

1314
00:44:14,150 --> 00:44:12,160
critical issues and problems on our

1315
00:44:15,430 --> 00:44:14,160
planet despite the fact that i you know

1316
00:44:17,589 --> 00:44:15,440
i think we have

1317
00:44:19,910 --> 00:44:17,599
ample technology and resources to solve

1318
00:44:22,630 --> 00:44:19,920
those those problems is because of our

1319
00:44:25,190 --> 00:44:22,640
inability to work together and so

1320
00:44:26,390 --> 00:44:25,200
my end goal is try is trying to nudge

1321
00:44:28,790 --> 00:44:26,400
society

1322
00:44:30,230 --> 00:44:28,800
through every way possible to start

1323
00:44:32,550 --> 00:44:30,240
setting aside our differences and work

1324
00:44:33,349 --> 00:44:32,560
together towards the common good

1325
00:44:35,589 --> 00:44:33,359
and

1326
00:44:37,190 --> 00:44:35,599
you know

1327
00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:37,200
maybe to address uh

1328
00:44:39,990 --> 00:44:38,960
one of your points is you know you don't

1329
00:44:41,430 --> 00:44:40,000
you don't think this is going to be

1330
00:44:43,670 --> 00:44:41,440
successful it depends on what your

1331
00:44:44,630 --> 00:44:43,680
definition of success is because

1332
00:44:47,990 --> 00:44:44,640
you know

1333
00:44:50,309 --> 00:44:48,000
if if my endpoint goal is to make every

1334
00:44:52,470 --> 00:44:50,319
you know all nations all organizations

1335
00:44:55,510 --> 00:44:52,480
uh get together have republicans and

1336
00:44:57,510 --> 00:44:55,520
democrats get together and uh kumbaya

1337
00:45:00,550 --> 00:44:57,520
and get together then obviously that's

1338
00:45:01,670 --> 00:45:00,560
you know that's kind of unrealistic

1339
00:45:04,069 --> 00:45:01,680
but

1340
00:45:06,150 --> 00:45:04,079
if i if i could share a story real quick

1341
00:45:08,150 --> 00:45:06,160
um because i think

1342
00:45:09,589 --> 00:45:08,160
i think that most if not all the people

1343
00:45:11,270 --> 00:45:09,599
in the world

1344
00:45:12,790 --> 00:45:11,280
uh want to leave this place a little bit

1345
00:45:14,630 --> 00:45:12,800
better than they found it they they want

1346
00:45:17,030 --> 00:45:14,640
to make things better um

1347
00:45:18,710 --> 00:45:17,040
and i think a lot of times people

1348
00:45:20,630 --> 00:45:18,720
don't

1349
00:45:22,069 --> 00:45:20,640
set out to make that difference is

1350
00:45:23,670 --> 00:45:22,079
because they don't think that they

1351
00:45:25,910 --> 00:45:23,680
possibly can they say what can i

1352
00:45:27,990 --> 00:45:25,920
possibly do on one person the the

1353
00:45:29,030 --> 00:45:28,000
challenges and the problems are are so

1354
00:45:31,430 --> 00:45:29,040
big

1355
00:45:36,710 --> 00:45:34,790
what i what i've come to realize is that

1356
00:45:38,069 --> 00:45:36,720
you know leaving a legacy you know we're

1357
00:45:39,990 --> 00:45:38,079
all taught to leave a legacy you know

1358
00:45:42,390 --> 00:45:40,000
let everybody know that you're here

1359
00:45:45,349 --> 00:45:42,400
uh but leaving a legacy as the world

1360
00:45:47,349 --> 00:45:45,359
teaches us a legacy what a legacy is i

1361
00:45:49,750 --> 00:45:47,359
think is in the end meaningless you know

1362
00:45:51,589 --> 00:45:49,760
every great statesman every great movie

1363
00:45:53,430 --> 00:45:51,599
star you know every great scientist

1364
00:45:54,870 --> 00:45:53,440
eventually is is going to be forgotten

1365
00:45:56,950 --> 00:45:54,880
every great accompli you know physical

1366
00:45:58,630 --> 00:45:56,960
accomplishment every great cathedral the

1367
00:46:00,710 --> 00:45:58,640
great pyramids eventually are going to

1368
00:46:03,349 --> 00:46:00,720
be reduced to dust

1369
00:46:05,190 --> 00:46:03,359
but where our world will be a hundred

1370
00:46:07,430 --> 00:46:05,200
thousand years from now and where it

1371
00:46:09,589 --> 00:46:07,440
would have been had you not lived are

1372
00:46:12,069 --> 00:46:09,599
going to be vastly different different

1373
00:46:14,150 --> 00:46:12,079
and i think that we are more powerful

1374
00:46:15,910 --> 00:46:14,160
than we could ever imagine and one of

1375
00:46:18,309 --> 00:46:15,920
the ways to think about this is imagine

1376
00:46:20,309 --> 00:46:18,319
that a giant asteroid is coming towards

1377
00:46:22,069 --> 00:46:20,319
the earth and it's it's so big that if

1378
00:46:23,510 --> 00:46:22,079
it hits the earth it'll destroy

1379
00:46:25,750 --> 00:46:23,520
all life on earth

1380
00:46:27,430 --> 00:46:25,760
if we knew about that soon enough we

1381
00:46:29,030 --> 00:46:27,440
wouldn't have to send bruce willis and a

1382
00:46:31,030 --> 00:46:29,040
you know a team of astronauts to go blow

1383
00:46:34,069 --> 00:46:31,040
it to smithereens we could send a small

1384
00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:34,079
spacecraft and with the nudge equivalent

1385
00:46:36,950 --> 00:46:35,280
to the weight of a feather give that

1386
00:46:39,430 --> 00:46:36,960
asteroid just a little nudge and over

1387
00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:39,440
the course of its travel to the earth

1388
00:46:43,109 --> 00:46:41,520
that could result in thousands of miles

1389
00:46:44,550 --> 00:46:43,119
of mysticism saving every living thing

1390
00:46:47,030 --> 00:46:44,560
on the planet and so

1391
00:46:48,550 --> 00:46:47,040
every day uh every moment every action

1392
00:46:51,349 --> 00:46:48,560
every thought every word every deed that

1393
00:46:53,030 --> 00:46:51,359
we do ripples out in all directions uh

1394
00:46:54,950 --> 00:46:53,040
and affects not only the trajectory of

1395
00:46:56,630 --> 00:46:54,960
our own life but the trajectory of our

1396
00:46:58,550 --> 00:46:56,640
entire world um

1397
00:47:00,309 --> 00:46:58,560
and you know hundred thousand years from

1398
00:47:02,550 --> 00:47:00,319
now that that's going to make a big

1399
00:47:04,470 --> 00:47:02,560
difference and so all i'm trying to do

1400
00:47:07,190 --> 00:47:04,480
and i judge my success at the end of

1401
00:47:09,109 --> 00:47:07,200
each day when i set my head on my pillow

1402
00:47:10,950 --> 00:47:09,119
did i make more positive nudges today

1403
00:47:12,550 --> 00:47:10,960
than negative nudges and

1404
00:47:14,790 --> 00:47:12,560
i think all we could ask from folks is

1405
00:47:17,430 --> 00:47:14,800
to to make more positive nudges

1406
00:47:20,630 --> 00:47:17,440
so is part of it advocating for more

1407
00:47:22,870 --> 00:47:20,640
space exploration because um you know it

1408
00:47:25,589 --> 00:47:22,880
it does sort of serve

1409
00:47:27,990 --> 00:47:25,599
the ends that you are seeking in

1410
00:47:30,150 --> 00:47:28,000
theoretically bringing us together yeah

1411
00:47:32,230 --> 00:47:30,160
that's certainly part of it um i think

1412
00:47:34,870 --> 00:47:32,240
one of the best and

1413
00:47:36,470 --> 00:47:34,880
and most effective investments we can

1414
00:47:37,750 --> 00:47:36,480
make in our future is through space

1415
00:47:39,910 --> 00:47:37,760
exploration

1416
00:47:41,670 --> 00:47:39,920
i think that has the biggest payback to

1417
00:47:44,549 --> 00:47:41,680
life on earth and so

1418
00:47:46,470 --> 00:47:44,559
uh and it has sorry the the dual benefit

1419
00:47:48,150 --> 00:47:46,480
i think you would argue right that just

1420
00:47:49,510 --> 00:47:48,160
as the space station brought these 15

1421
00:47:52,069 --> 00:47:49,520
countries together

1422
00:47:55,270 --> 00:47:52,079
as long as we're not constantly battling

1423
00:47:57,670 --> 00:47:55,280
in spade it's not star wars out there

1424
00:47:59,670 --> 00:47:57,680
if it's done in a unified way it has the

1425
00:48:01,430 --> 00:47:59,680
the dual benefit of

1426
00:48:02,309 --> 00:48:01,440
all the knowledge while bringing us

1427
00:48:04,230 --> 00:48:02,319
together

1428
00:48:06,309 --> 00:48:04,240
yeah there's the there's the unifying

1429
00:48:08,069 --> 00:48:06,319
effect of space exploration because it's

1430
00:48:09,829 --> 00:48:08,079
built on the foundation of on wonder

1431
00:48:11,349 --> 00:48:09,839
there's all the scientific and

1432
00:48:12,309 --> 00:48:11,359
technological advancements that come

1433
00:48:14,710 --> 00:48:12,319
from

1434
00:48:17,270 --> 00:48:14,720
the space program there's also the fact

1435
00:48:19,190 --> 00:48:17,280
or not the fact my opinion

1436
00:48:20,549 --> 00:48:19,200
that the more people that have the

1437
00:48:21,829 --> 00:48:20,559
opportunity to see the planet from that

1438
00:48:23,030 --> 00:48:21,839
vantage point though the better off

1439
00:48:24,470 --> 00:48:23,040
we're all going to be here on on the

1440
00:48:27,270 --> 00:48:24,480
earth right so you're a big fan of the

1441
00:48:29,750 --> 00:48:27,280
space travel going on the space tourism

1442
00:48:31,430 --> 00:48:29,760
i should say that that's going on i i am

1443
00:48:33,589 --> 00:48:31,440
a fan of it and i think that it's it's

1444
00:48:36,710 --> 00:48:33,599
the baby steps uh the first steps if you

1445
00:48:37,510 --> 00:48:36,720
will of a blossoming um

1446
00:48:39,589 --> 00:48:37,520
uh

1447
00:48:41,349 --> 00:48:39,599
space travel industry where space travel

1448
00:48:42,470 --> 00:48:41,359
will hopefully become as commonplace as

1449
00:48:43,910 --> 00:48:42,480
air travel

1450
00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:43,920
and i think you know if you look back in

1451
00:48:47,829 --> 00:48:46,319
the early days of aviation it was it was

1452
00:48:49,510 --> 00:48:47,839
not a common thing that people flew on

1453
00:48:52,470 --> 00:48:49,520
an airplane it was a very special event

1454
00:48:53,990 --> 00:48:52,480
by you know really select people uh now

1455
00:48:55,109 --> 00:48:54,000
we don't think twice about hopping on an

1456
00:48:57,750 --> 00:48:55,119
airplane and flying anywhere in the

1457
00:48:59,670 --> 00:48:57,760
world i think we're uh potentially on

1458
00:49:01,190 --> 00:48:59,680
the verge of that uh happening in space

1459
00:49:03,750 --> 00:49:01,200
space travel

1460
00:49:05,430 --> 00:49:03,760
and by the way not to nitpick but i'm

1461
00:49:07,510 --> 00:49:05,440
i'm just curious like these virgin

1462
00:49:09,910 --> 00:49:07,520
galactic flight that they had and then

1463
00:49:12,230 --> 00:49:09,920
what was the what's the bezos company

1464
00:49:14,870 --> 00:49:12,240
blue origin blue origin

1465
00:49:17,430 --> 00:49:14,880
are they truly going far enough up in

1466
00:49:19,510 --> 00:49:17,440
space to in your view truly get the

1467
00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:19,520
perspective because it seems like yeah

1468
00:49:23,190 --> 00:49:21,440
they see the curvature of the earth but

1469
00:49:25,270 --> 00:49:23,200
i'm not sure they're really

1470
00:49:26,710 --> 00:49:25,280
seeing just earth

1471
00:49:28,230 --> 00:49:26,720
yeah they're certain they're certainly

1472
00:49:29,670 --> 00:49:28,240
not seeing the whole planet hanging the

1473
00:49:31,670 --> 00:49:29,680
blackness of space neither are we on the

1474
00:49:33,670 --> 00:49:31,680
space station uh you've got to get a lot

1475
00:49:35,190 --> 00:49:33,680
farther away from the space station but

1476
00:49:37,030 --> 00:49:35,200
the the biggest difference is not

1477
00:49:38,950 --> 00:49:37,040
necessarily how far away from the earth

1478
00:49:41,510 --> 00:49:38,960
you are it's how fast you're going and

1479
00:49:43,510 --> 00:49:41,520
so with with jeff bezos and richard

1480
00:49:46,549 --> 00:49:43,520
branson on their respective flights they

1481
00:49:49,589 --> 00:49:46,559
went to about 3 500 miles an hour uh

1482
00:49:51,190 --> 00:49:49,599
that's pretty fast uh but to but to stay

1483
00:49:53,510 --> 00:49:51,200
in orbit to be in orbit you have to go

1484
00:49:55,990 --> 00:49:53,520
to 17 500 miles an hour

1485
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:56,000
so i think they flew high enough to get

1486
00:50:00,390 --> 00:49:58,640
a brief glimpse at what it looks what

1487
00:50:02,150 --> 00:50:00,400
the planet looks like from space you

1488
00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:02,160
know on their launches they watched the

1489
00:50:06,150 --> 00:50:04,720
sky turn from blue to black uh they saw

1490
00:50:08,309 --> 00:50:06,160
the curvature of the earth they saw the

1491
00:50:10,470 --> 00:50:08,319
thinness of the atmosphere they saw our

1492
00:50:12,870 --> 00:50:10,480
sun in a black sky not a blue sky and

1493
00:50:14,870 --> 00:50:12,880
that you know they saw our son as a star

1494
00:50:16,950 --> 00:50:14,880
um and so that

1495
00:50:19,349 --> 00:50:16,960
i think that's enough to give you this

1496
00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:19,359
sense uh that i'm looking at a planet

1497
00:50:22,950 --> 00:50:20,960
i'm not just looking down from an out

1498
00:50:24,549 --> 00:50:22,960
you know from a high altitude airplane i

1499
00:50:27,270 --> 00:50:24,559
see that that there's a planet there's a

1500
00:50:29,750 --> 00:50:27,280
planet in space the planet is against

1501
00:50:31,910 --> 00:50:29,760
the bla the backdrop of of black the

1502
00:50:33,589 --> 00:50:31,920
blackness of space that could be a very

1503
00:50:35,109 --> 00:50:33,599
very profound experience it's an

1504
00:50:37,270 --> 00:50:35,119
experience in those cases that doesn't

1505
00:50:40,470 --> 00:50:37,280
last very long it's just a few minutes

1506
00:50:43,109 --> 00:50:40,480
um but where again these are baby steps

1507
00:50:46,390 --> 00:50:43,119
um and you know efforts like spacex and

1508
00:50:48,950 --> 00:50:46,400
other other orbital companies uh are are

1509
00:50:50,309 --> 00:50:48,960
taking people to orbit um and so um

1510
00:50:51,750 --> 00:50:50,319
that's where you go to space and you can

1511
00:50:54,470 --> 00:50:51,760
stay in space

1512
00:50:56,230 --> 00:50:54,480
so it kind of raises an inch in question

1513
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:56,240
we work together 15 countries on the

1514
00:51:00,950 --> 00:50:58,000
space station but

1515
00:51:03,589 --> 00:51:00,960
is that really the best model

1516
00:51:04,870 --> 00:51:03,599
for advancements in space travel because

1517
00:51:07,270 --> 00:51:04,880
we all know about free market

1518
00:51:09,990 --> 00:51:07,280
competition and how good that can be at

1519
00:51:11,829 --> 00:51:10,000
finding advances and that's sort of the

1520
00:51:13,349 --> 00:51:11,839
model we've got going right now there's

1521
00:51:16,470 --> 00:51:13,359
this element of kind of

1522
00:51:18,630 --> 00:51:16,480
market competition in going to space

1523
00:51:21,829 --> 00:51:18,640
and not so much the

1524
00:51:23,430 --> 00:51:21,839
country's cooperating thing okay so i i

1525
00:51:24,309 --> 00:51:23,440
don't think they're mutually exclusive

1526
00:51:25,349 --> 00:51:24,319
um

1527
00:51:26,549 --> 00:51:25,359
and

1528
00:51:28,390 --> 00:51:26,559
uh you know

1529
00:51:31,030 --> 00:51:28,400
i think what what government space

1530
00:51:32,150 --> 00:51:31,040
agencies are uniquely um

1531
00:51:34,390 --> 00:51:32,160
able to do

1532
00:51:36,549 --> 00:51:34,400
is to do things with a very very long

1533
00:51:38,309 --> 00:51:36,559
return on investment you know 20 30 year

1534
00:51:40,630 --> 00:51:38,319
return on investment there's not a lot

1535
00:51:43,030 --> 00:51:40,640
of commercial activities that

1536
00:51:45,670 --> 00:51:43,040
will make significant expenditures with

1537
00:51:49,030 --> 00:51:45,680
with that long of a return on investment

1538
00:51:51,109 --> 00:51:49,040
and so what i see not only is

1539
00:51:53,190 --> 00:51:51,119
well what i hope for is not only

1540
00:51:55,030 --> 00:51:53,200
increased international cooperation

1541
00:51:59,510 --> 00:51:55,040
amongst the various governmental space

1542
00:52:01,750 --> 00:51:59,520
agencies but i also hope to see uh more

1543
00:52:03,190 --> 00:52:01,760
public-private partnerships so that you

1544
00:52:05,109 --> 00:52:03,200
have the best of all worlds you have the

1545
00:52:06,870 --> 00:52:05,119
best of the of the free market

1546
00:52:08,790 --> 00:52:06,880
marketplace you have the best of the

1547
00:52:10,790 --> 00:52:08,800
long-term vision of the of the

1548
00:52:12,470 --> 00:52:10,800
of the big and the and the financial

1549
00:52:14,630 --> 00:52:12,480
backing of the big government space

1550
00:52:17,750 --> 00:52:14,640
agencies and the and the history and the

1551
00:52:19,349 --> 00:52:17,760
expertise of those agencies as well

1552
00:52:21,430 --> 00:52:19,359
you know even you know if you look at

1553
00:52:22,309 --> 00:52:21,440
spacex for instance spacex has has

1554
00:52:24,549 --> 00:52:22,319
gotten

1555
00:52:26,630 --> 00:52:24,559
uh hundreds of millions if not billions

1556
00:52:30,309 --> 00:52:26,640
of dollars from the us government um to

1557
00:52:32,069 --> 00:52:30,319
spur that commercial market um so uh

1558
00:52:33,510 --> 00:52:32,079
it's going to be a it's going to be a

1559
00:52:35,750 --> 00:52:33,520
public-private partnership for at least

1560
00:52:37,910 --> 00:52:35,760
for a while

1561
00:52:39,270 --> 00:52:37,920
and right now you've got unfortunately

1562
00:52:40,630 --> 00:52:39,280
some developments going in the wrong

1563
00:52:42,710 --> 00:52:40,640
direction as far as the countries

1564
00:52:44,790 --> 00:52:42,720
working together isn't there recent news

1565
00:52:46,309 --> 00:52:44,800
that russia and china are planning

1566
00:52:47,589 --> 00:52:46,319
something together that doesn't include

1567
00:52:49,430 --> 00:52:47,599
the us

1568
00:52:50,630 --> 00:52:49,440
yeah and i know and

1569
00:52:53,349 --> 00:52:50,640
i don't know if it doesn't include the

1570
00:52:55,990 --> 00:52:53,359
us because uh the us the us has

1571
00:52:56,950 --> 00:52:56,000
prohibited any cooperation in space with

1572
00:53:00,630 --> 00:52:56,960
china

1573
00:53:02,630 --> 00:53:00,640
so um i i think that's kind of on us so

1574
00:53:03,910 --> 00:53:02,640
i'm of the impression that we need to be

1575
00:53:05,829 --> 00:53:03,920
cooperating

1576
00:53:07,750 --> 00:53:05,839
uh you know not just with russia but

1577
00:53:09,829 --> 00:53:07,760
with everybody uh in in this in the

1578
00:53:11,670 --> 00:53:09,839
space so you would put aside your view

1579
00:53:14,549 --> 00:53:11,680
is put aside all differences whether

1580
00:53:16,630 --> 00:53:14,559
it's trade whether it's human rights

1581
00:53:18,309 --> 00:53:16,640
you know they've got concentration camps

1582
00:53:19,670 --> 00:53:18,319
or whatever's going on

1583
00:53:20,950 --> 00:53:19,680
because there's lots to complain about

1584
00:53:23,030 --> 00:53:20,960
but you know

1585
00:53:25,109 --> 00:53:23,040
among countries but you would say hey

1586
00:53:26,950 --> 00:53:25,119
guys when it comes to space

1587
00:53:28,870 --> 00:53:26,960
we put all that aside

1588
00:53:31,270 --> 00:53:28,880
yeah no i mean there's lines i'm not

1589
00:53:33,030 --> 00:53:31,280
saying that there's not lines that that

1590
00:53:34,950 --> 00:53:33,040
uh countries would cross that would

1591
00:53:36,790 --> 00:53:34,960
prevent us from doing business with them

1592
00:53:38,230 --> 00:53:36,800
but the chinese are going to do amazing

1593
00:53:41,190 --> 00:53:38,240
things in space they're going to do them

1594
00:53:42,630 --> 00:53:41,200
with or without us if we if if they do

1595
00:53:44,150 --> 00:53:42,640
them without us we'll be able to see

1596
00:53:45,349 --> 00:53:44,160
what they're doing but we won't know why

1597
00:53:48,069 --> 00:53:45,359
they're doing it and we won't have

1598
00:53:50,630 --> 00:53:48,079
insight into their programs and so

1599
00:53:53,750 --> 00:53:50,640
you know i think it's too it's in our

1600
00:53:55,990 --> 00:53:53,760
national interest to be cooperating uh

1601
00:53:57,829 --> 00:53:56,000
with the chinese in the space program

1602
00:53:59,750 --> 00:53:57,839
and i think uh

1603
00:54:01,109 --> 00:53:59,760
you know there's there's

1604
00:54:03,109 --> 00:54:01,119
it's not not like we're going to be

1605
00:54:03,910 --> 00:54:03,119
giving a lot away either i mean it's

1606
00:54:06,470 --> 00:54:03,920
it's

1607
00:54:09,349 --> 00:54:06,480
most of this stuff is you know is is

1608
00:54:10,870 --> 00:54:09,359
known as out in the public domain is is

1609
00:54:12,870 --> 00:54:10,880
um

1610
00:54:15,430 --> 00:54:12,880
i i think there's a lot to gain and

1611
00:54:17,030 --> 00:54:15,440
there's not very much to lose uh in that

1612
00:54:19,109 --> 00:54:17,040
sort of thing and i think

1613
00:54:20,870 --> 00:54:19,119
uh i think the way to go is together i

1614
00:54:21,910 --> 00:54:20,880
really do i think i think we've proven

1615
00:54:24,549 --> 00:54:21,920
that with the international space

1616
00:54:27,510 --> 00:54:24,559
station program uh and it leads to a

1617
00:54:29,829 --> 00:54:27,520
safer world it leads to a it leads to

1618
00:54:31,349 --> 00:54:29,839
more capabilities in our space program

1619
00:54:34,870 --> 00:54:31,359
it leads to more redundancy more

1620
00:54:37,109 --> 00:54:34,880
resiliency um and you know i think we i

1621
00:54:38,630 --> 00:54:37,119
think we should be doing this together

1622
00:54:39,750 --> 00:54:38,640
well we're up against your hard stop

1623
00:54:41,990 --> 00:54:39,760
i'll just kind of

1624
00:54:43,430 --> 00:54:42,000
get your final thoughts on this kind of

1625
00:54:44,789 --> 00:54:43,440
something funny that occurred to me that

1626
00:54:46,549 --> 00:54:44,799
you know whenever we think about have we

1627
00:54:48,309 --> 00:54:46,559
been visited by aliens or from another

1628
00:54:49,829 --> 00:54:48,319
planet we always think of them as a

1629
00:54:52,470 --> 00:54:49,839
monolith that it's basically the

1630
00:54:53,750 --> 00:54:52,480
representative the martians have come we

1631
00:54:55,670 --> 00:54:53,760
don't know what would have happened on

1632
00:54:57,829 --> 00:54:55,680
that planet you know how did they get

1633
00:54:59,670 --> 00:54:57,839
here was there a bunch of fights over

1634
00:55:03,270 --> 00:54:59,680
who was going to get here first in free

1635
00:55:04,950 --> 00:55:03,280
market competition or or what so

1636
00:55:06,870 --> 00:55:04,960
working together is probably the best

1637
00:55:09,270 --> 00:55:06,880
way to travel far right

1638
00:55:10,549 --> 00:55:09,280
exactly actually and i mean i think we

1639
00:55:12,789 --> 00:55:10,559
would we would come together pretty

1640
00:55:15,190 --> 00:55:12,799
quick if we had some um obvious

1641
00:55:17,990 --> 00:55:15,200
undeniable existential threat

1642
00:55:20,069 --> 00:55:18,000
yeah that was coming at us yeah and do

1643
00:55:21,670 --> 00:55:20,079
we have that yet we don't well i would i

1644
00:55:23,910 --> 00:55:21,680
would argue that i would argue that we

1645
00:55:25,349 --> 00:55:23,920
do uh what but that's why i said

1646
00:55:27,270 --> 00:55:25,359
undeniable

1647
00:55:28,710 --> 00:55:27,280
yeah yeah yeah well yeah you'll have to

1648
00:55:31,589 --> 00:55:28,720
listen to some of our tic tac ufo

1649
00:55:33,030 --> 00:55:31,599
episodes uh on that but that's

1650
00:55:34,950 --> 00:55:33,040
well what i was saying i was saying we

1651
00:55:35,829 --> 00:55:34,960
have our own we have our own existential

1652
00:55:37,589 --> 00:55:35,839
oh yes

1653
00:55:40,710 --> 00:55:37,599
that uh we don't need aliens to to

1654
00:55:43,270 --> 00:55:40,720
create we we've created them ourselves

1655
00:55:45,190 --> 00:55:43,280
thank you again so much to ron garan you

1656
00:55:47,670 --> 00:55:45,200
can check out his book floating in

1657
00:55:49,510 --> 00:55:47,680
darkness a journey of evolution

1658
00:55:52,309 --> 00:55:49,520
anywhere you buy books

1659
00:55:54,390 --> 00:55:52,319
other than amazon

1660
00:55:56,630 --> 00:55:54,400
it's on amazon but again we don't

1661
00:55:59,510 --> 00:55:56,640
recommend you buy from amazon

1662
00:56:02,630 --> 00:55:59,520
they've banned too many books that uh

1663
00:56:04,549 --> 00:56:02,640
are important books for people to access

1664
00:56:06,230 --> 00:56:04,559
thank you to our producer michael parker

1665
00:56:07,990 --> 00:56:06,240
thank you all for listening

1666
00:56:13,430 --> 00:56:08,000
we'll be back soon with another episode

1667
00:56:16,630 --> 00:56:14,870
thank you for listening to the truth

1668
00:56:20,230 --> 00:56:16,640
show with jim breslow

1669
00:56:22,390 --> 00:56:20,240
you can find us at hiddentruthshow.com

1670
00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:22,400
follow us on facebook twitter and

1671
00:56:26,950 --> 00:56:25,200
instagram that hit the truth show

1672
00:56:29,589 --> 00:56:26,960
join us again next week for another